Reviewing some of the concepts covered in class this year Looking Back Earth Systems Reviewing some of the concepts covered in class this year

The Nature of Science

____ 1. Suggested explanation for an observation. a. independent ____ 1. Suggested explanation for an observation a. independent variable ____ 2. Organized procedure that involves making b. creative measurements and observations. ____ 3. Factor in an experiment that can be c. observations manipulated by the experimenter. ____ 4. Factor in an experiment that can change if d. dependent variable other factors are changed. ____ 5. After careful observation and applying e. tentative or background knowledge, ______ are changeable formed by the observer. ____ 6. Standard for comparison that shows the f. experiment results of an experiment are actually due to the conditions being tested. ____ 7. These are built on facts, and give the best g. hypothesis explanation for a related group of facts. ____ 8. Scientists must be ______ in order to h. inferences present new ideas and possibilities. ____ 9. Because of new technology and new interpretations of data, science is ____. i. control ____ 10. Making good _____ is key when performing experiments. j. theories

Source and Distribution of Energy on Earth

1. The sun produces electromagnetic waves by converting 1. The sun produces electromagnetic waves by converting hydrogen into helium. This process is called ________. 2. Of all the energy from the sun, about ____% is reflected back into space and _____% is absorbed by the earth. 3. Trace the steps involved in changing light energy from the sun into chemical energy in fossil fuels. 4. What happens to about one-half of the energy that the earth absorbs? 5. Name two greenhouse gases. 6. What impact do these gases have on Earth’s temperature? 7. What is the difference between climate and weather? 8. How does energy from the sun drive our weather? 9. The Law of Conservation states that energy cannot be ________ nor _______. 10. Electromagnetic Waves are organized by wavelength. Complete the following: Radio Waves  ______ infrared  _______ UV Rays  ______  Gamma Rays

Astronomy

Formation of the Universe The theory that says the universe began as a small point of energy and exploded outward is called The ________ _______ ________. Give two pieces of evidence that scientists use to support this theory.

Red Shift Explain what this chart shows. This is based on the idea every element has it’s own ________.

Red Shift Red shift tells scientists that galaxies are moving ________ each other. As light waves move towards us, spectral lines are ______ shifted. 7. As light waves move away from us, spectral lines are ________shifted.

8. Much of what we have learned about the universe has come from the 8. Much of what we have learned about the universe has come from the _________ telescope. (Name of the telescope) 9. Our star, the Sun, converts hydrogen into helium in a process called _________. 10. A prominence is a solar feature coming off the surface of the Sun. Draw a picture that shows what a prominence looks like.

Life Cycle of Stars What will an average sized star like our Sun eventually become? What is Planetary or Stellar nebula composed of? What do the most massive of all stars eventually become?

Study the diagram 4. What does this diagram show? 5. Heavier elements are formed in what size stars? 6. How do these elements found in stars become scattered throughout the universe? 7. Where did the heavy elements found on Earth come from? silicon oxygen neon

What is the most common element in the universe? Name the first element produced from the fusing of hydrogen atoms. What evidence is there today that heavy elements are still being formed in massive stars?

Plate Tectonics

Who developed the Theory of Continental Drift? Describe the Theory of Continental Drift. Why was this theory not accepted in the beginning? Two theories, Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading, combine to form the Theory of _______ ________.

Matching: A B C 5. _____ Transform Boundary 6. _____ Divergent 7. ____ Convergent B C

How do scientists know where plate boundaries are located? What does the following diagram show? 10. Describe the force that drives convection currents.

Atmosphere

1. Explain how carbon goes from the atmosphere and into a plant. 2 1. Explain how carbon goes from the atmosphere and into a plant. 2. Explain the following diagram. carbon carbon

3. Ozone is found in the stratosphere and protects us from ____. 4 3. Ozone is found in the stratosphere and protects us from ____. 4. In what layer of the atmosphere does weather occur? 5. Name the main gas responsible for the Greenhouse effect. 6. If energy from the sun can penetrate the atmosphere, why can’t it leave the same way?

7. During the summer time, why are temperatures at the poles cooler than those at the equator? 8. El Niño is ultimately caused by ____. 9. Convection currents are caused by a difference in ____. 10. What is the cause of coriolis?

Hydrosphere

1. What drives/powers the water cycle? 2. What is occurring at stages 2 and 3?

3. This map shows (density, surface) currents. (choose one)

4. The trip to the sewer plant showed ____. 5. Density currents mix waters because of A. salt accumulation B. colder temperatures C. coriolis effect D. Both A and B 6. Name two of the four reservoirs on Earth that contain fresh water. 7. Besides sodium chloride, name an element makes up the salinity of ocean water.

8. What does the following diagram show?

9. This angler fish would be a part of which zone: (nekton, benthos)

10. Name one reason sea levels have changed over time?

Environmental Affects on Living Things

How is Earth’s atmosphere different that those of other planets? Is there water on other planets? If so, which? 3. Name one condition that helps support life on Earth.

4. Write all the letters below that show abiotic factors 4. Write all the letters below that show abiotic factors that impact the environment. 5. Write all the letters that show biotic factors that impact the environment. B D C A F G E H

Energy

What does sunlight striking a asphalt highway turn into? a. light c. electricity b. motion d. heat 2. How do plants store energy during photosynthesis? In light energy c. As radiation In chemical bonds d. As motion

Which is NOT a problem associated with the Greenhouse Effect? a. Rising sea level b. Changes in ocean currents c. Changes in weather patterns d. Increased skin cancer The sun’s energy is captured by plants, used by animals and eventually returns to space as ___________. Name a source of greenhouse gas.

6. Which of the following best describes this statement: “By increasing the amount of greenhouse gases, it is possible to increase the greenhouse effect.” a. Superstition b. Hypothesis c. Observation d. Fact 7. Which heats up faster land or water?

8. According to this Diagram, what causes a land breeze at night? 9. T or F Getting enough sleep impacts your ability to think and perform effectively. 10. T or F I believe I can do well on CRT tests.