The Zinc-Carbon Battery

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Presentation transcript:

The Zinc-Carbon Battery By Catherine & Calvin

The Zinc-Carbon Battery also called as LeClanche-Cell, Common Dry Cell produced by George Leclanché in 1866 the first cell to contain only one low-corrosive fluid electrolyte with a solid cathode.

The Zinc-Carbon Battery (p231) Characteristics in brief Voltage: 1.5 – 1.75 V Service Life: 110 min (continuous use) Shelf life: ~ 1 – 2 years (at room temperature)

The Zinc-Carbon Battery Paste made of NH4Cl, MnO2 and graphite

Carbon rod Inserted into the cathode Acts as a current collector Retain moisture Provides structural support Not take part in reaction

Cathode mix Composed with NH4Cl, MnO2 and graphite (a form of carbon) ammonium chloride(NH4Cl) acts as a fuel reserve for the cell during intermittent operation The Cathode ½ Reaction: 2NH4+(aq) + 2MnO2(s) + 2e– → 2MnO(OH)(s) + 2NH3(aq)

Anode-Zinc Zn (s)+ 4NH3(aq) → Zn(NH3)42+(aq)+ 2e– Most dry cells combine zinc with mercury (less than 1 part per million in modern cells) to significantly improve its resistance to corrosion over times. As the Zn is used up and Zn(NH3)42+ accumulates around the anode, the battery “wears out” and the voltage decreases. The Anode ½ Reaction: Zn (s)+ 4NH3(aq) → Zn(NH3)42+(aq)+ 2e–

The Zinc-Carbon Battery Disadvantages 1) After using for a long time, the chemicals would leak out of the battery, it is not good for the environmental protection 2) it cannot be recharged 3) lifetime is short because it continually reacts at a slow rate 4) current is small (it ceases to function if required to produce large currents in short time) 5) voltage is not stable 6) resistance is high

The Zinc-Carbon Battery Advantages Cheap Convenient Usage: 1)flashlights 2)clock 3)toy 4)radio

Bibliography “Zinc-Carbon Batteries”, http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/electricity/batteries/zinccarbon.html 28th Jan. 2003, 28th Dec.2011 ‘‘Zinc/carbon batteries”, http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/batteries/batteries_zn_c.php no publish date, 28th Dec.2011 “Zinc–carbon battery”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery 10th Dec.2011, 28th Dec.2011 http://wiki.dzsc.com/info/8462.html 2010, 28th Dec.2011