What is the WWW? By J. Richard Stevens

Topics Brief history of the Internet and WWW Terminology Protocols and Addressing How publishing works Brief history of the Internet and WWW Terminology Protocols and Addressing How publishing works

History of the Internet/WWW Advanced Research Projects Agency established within the Department of Defense 1960 – first networked nodes linked First node to node transmission from UCLA to Stanford - also first crash (“logon”) 1970 – first East coast node nodes on Internet Advanced Research Projects Agency established within the Department of Defense 1960 – first networked nodes linked First node to node transmission from UCLA to Stanford - also first crash (“logon”) 1970 – first East coast node nodes on Internet

History of the Internet/WWW 1972 – Ray Tomlinson and 1973 – First international node (England and Norway) 1974 Transmission Control Protocol developed ARPA establishes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) 1983/4 - Domain name system introduced, number of Internet hosts (Internet is “born.”) 1972 – Ray Tomlinson and 1973 – First international node (England and Norway) 1974 Transmission Control Protocol developed ARPA establishes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) 1983/4 - Domain name system introduced, number of Internet hosts (Internet is “born.”)

History of the Internet/WWW The WELL, first major online community was opened number of hosts = 10, – Morris worm cripples confidence First commercial electronic mail through Internet (MCI and Compuserve) number of hosts = 100,000; AOL emerges The WELL, first major online community was opened number of hosts = 10, – Morris worm cripples confidence First commercial electronic mail through Internet (MCI and Compuserve) number of hosts = 100,000; AOL emerges

History of the Internet/WWW World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee number of hosts exceeds 1,000, Mosaic browser is introduced, becomes Netscape in 1994, Bill Gates’ “prophetic wisdom” August Netscape IPO price $28, opening price $71; Amazon, eBay, and hotmail emerge, IE released World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee number of hosts exceeds 1,000, Mosaic browser is introduced, becomes Netscape in 1994, Bill Gates’ “prophetic wisdom” August Netscape IPO price $28, opening price $71; Amazon, eBay, and hotmail emerge, IE released

History of the Internet/WWW Bill Gates famous "Internet Tidal Wave" speech DOJ files antitrust suit against Microsoft (U.S. vs. Microsoft); Google begins betatesting, ICANN formed AOL purchases Netscape; Napster begins AOL purchases Time Warner, Apple releases iPod Bill Gates famous "Internet Tidal Wave" speech DOJ files antitrust suit against Microsoft (U.S. vs. Microsoft); Google begins betatesting, ICANN formed AOL purchases Netscape; Napster begins AOL purchases Time Warner, Apple releases iPod

History of the Internet/WWW 2004 – Facebook begins at Harvard University 2005 – YouTube launches from a garage 2006 – World Internet nodes pass 1 billion 2007 – Apple unveils iPhone 2008 – World Internet nodes pass 1.5 billion 2008 – Christian Science Monitor move 2009 – Seattle Post-Intelligencer moves online only 2004 – Facebook begins at Harvard University 2005 – YouTube launches from a garage 2006 – World Internet nodes pass 1 billion 2007 – Apple unveils iPhone 2008 – World Internet nodes pass 1.5 billion 2008 – Christian Science Monitor move 2009 – Seattle Post-Intelligencer moves online only

Diffusion

Stats As of December 2011 over 239 million American adults use the Internet 77% of the adult population Colorado: 79.9% 68% use it weekly: 70% male, 65% female 95/70 split $75k line 66% broadband penetration) North America accounts for 12% of global users. Global penetration: 32%. As of December 2011 over 239 million American adults use the Internet 77% of the adult population Colorado: 79.9% 68% use it weekly: 70% male, 65% female 95/70 split $75k line 66% broadband penetration) North America accounts for 12% of global users. Global penetration: 32%.

What is the Internet/WWW? Internet - computers hosting the TCP/IP protocol World-Wide Web - A visual protocol combining hyperlinking with the TCP/IP protocol http HTML URL Internet - computers hosting the TCP/IP protocol World-Wide Web - A visual protocol combining hyperlinking with the TCP/IP protocol http HTML URL

Breaking Down URLs 1.Protocol http, ftp, telnet, news, mailto 2.Name or Address of server.com,.edu,.org,.gov,.mil,.biz,.tv IP addresses 3.File navigation 1.Protocol http, ftp, telnet, news, mailto 2.Name or Address of server.com,.edu,.org,.gov,.mil,.biz,.tv IP addresses 3.File navigation

WWW supported file types Hypertext Markup Language.html Joint Photographic Interchange Format.jpg Graphics Interchange Format.gif Portable Document Format.pdf Rich Text Format.rtf ASCII text.txt Real Audio files.ram,.rm Shockwave/Flash.swf,.flv Quicktime.mov Moving Pictures Experts Group.mpg,.mpeg,.mp3,.mp4 Hypertext Markup Language.html Joint Photographic Interchange Format.jpg Graphics Interchange Format.gif Portable Document Format.pdf Rich Text Format.rtf ASCII text.txt Real Audio files.ram,.rm Shockwave/Flash.swf,.flv Quicktime.mov Moving Pictures Experts Group.mpg,.mpeg,.mp3,.mp4

The most critical design issue. Greater bandwidth allows flow of more digital data. Slowdowns and bottlenecks: periods of high usage and for home users. Wireless-fidelity (wifi) networks. Service providers implementing faster, more secure networks. The most critical design issue. Greater bandwidth allows flow of more digital data. Slowdowns and bottlenecks: periods of high usage and for home users. Wireless-fidelity (wifi) networks. Service providers implementing faster, more secure networks. Bandwidth

HTML Standards World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)—develops and maintains standards W3C adds, deletes or modifies HTML commands—called “tags” XHTML—the future of HTML World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)—develops and maintains standards W3C adds, deletes or modifies HTML commands—called “tags” XHTML—the future of HTML

How WWW publishing works