Sampling techniques and population growth

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Presentation transcript:

Sampling techniques and population growth

What is sampling? Taking a small part of the ecosystem to estimate population size Taking more and/or larger samples will give you a better estimate than less and/or smaller samples

Types of sampling Type of sampling What is it? When is it used? Benefits of technique Drawbacks of technique Quadrats Squares of a determined size, placed on the ground to be sampled When the organisms you are counting are sessile (immobile) Simple, can easily sample many times. Good for flat ground Difficult on rocky/uneven areas. Cannot sample fast moving organisms Transect Line or strip laid across area to be studied. Organisms that lay along strip are counted Measuring change over time of topography From the air Under the sea Simple. May be used to sample different parts of the ecosystem. Shows change in land as well as organism abundance. Can be time consuming. A width around the transect line must be adhered to. Not good for fast-moving organisms Mark and recapture Members of population are caught, marked and released To count difficult to see or fast moving animals Can be used for fast moving animals. Very time consuming. Important to lay traps that will not just catch the sick/weak

Examples of quadrat use http://livingprairie.ca/livinglandscape/quadrats/quadrat.html?q=1 More than one quadrat is being used at once to sample an area of this cave. Quadrats can be used under water to sample the bottom of the sea/pond etc

Examples of transect use A typical transect diagram shows the topography of the land and labels features. It also notes the organism types along the line Quadrats and transects can be used together to create an overall idea of the ecosystem

Examples of mark and recapture Cicada marked with white paint. This study was not a study over time. They used this technique to simply estimate the abundance of cicadas in the area This mark recapture study of Bull Trout was repeated each year to show the change over time of abundance of Bull Trout in this area

Population dynamics The study of change in population size over time. Requires more than one sampling event

Factors affecting population size Birth rate (eg. 55 per year) Death rate (eg. 104 per year) Migration rate – includes immigration (moving into the area eg. 20 per year) and emigration (moving out of the area eg. 31 per year) Growth rate = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration) per unit time [eg. A year] (104 + 31) - 60 (55 + 20) -

Population grown Positive result = population growth Zero result = zero population growth Closed population = no migration (maybe due to isolation) Open population = migration occurs

Activities Glossary: sampling, quadrat, transect, mark recapture, population dynamics, birth rate, death rate, migration rate, closed population, open population, zero population growth Quick Check pg 487 THEN: catch up on any work, or start working ahead - book checks!