Information Processing and Presentation by Rico Yu

Information Processing and Presentation  IP.1 The Information Age  IP.2 Data and Information  IP.3 Integrated use of common application software  IP.4 Criteria for effective presentation of information

Data vs Information  Data 數據 Collection of facts Represented in numbers, letters or words  Information 資料 Processed data in meaningful way

Data vs Information Data Data Processing Information

The hierarchy ( 架構 ) of data … …... Database

Key field ( 檢索欄 )  Identify a record uniquely ( 唯一的 )  NO two records have the same key field

Data collection and data preparation  Data collection Collect data from different sources, e.g. survey, interview.  Data preparation Arrange the data before input to computer, e.g. sorting the survey order.

Source of error  1. Data collection errors Wrong data are entered into the source doc. Some missing items Poor handwriting

Source of error  2. Data preparation errors Transcription ( 抄寫 / 轉寫 ) error Data on the source doc. are copied incorrectly  3. Input errors Typing errors in data input stage

Data Control  1. Garbage in, garbage out!  2. Methods of data control: Data verification ( 校驗 / 驗證 ) Ensure input data are correct Data validation ( 有效性檢驗 ) Ensure input data are reasonable and acceptable

Data Verification  Test the accuracy of data  Usually done at data preparation stage

Data Verification 1.Mark or important data a) Double entry  Input data twice b) Independent entry  2 different operators to input 2.Name and ID # 3.Address

Data Validation  Check whether the data are reasonable  Usually performed with a program before data are processed  Valid data may NOT a correct data

Data Validation 1.Range check 2.Type check 3.Presence check 4.Control total 5.Check digit 6.Length check

Processing data 1.Sorting 2.Merging 3.Searching  Binary search  Linear search

Processing information 1.Reorganisation 2.Conversion 3.Communication and transmission