Definition of Health Care The prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions.

Define Medicine The art or science of restoring or preserving health or physical condition, by means of drugs, surgical operations or appliances, or manipulations

Definition of Heroic Medicine A 20 th century term for aggressive medical practices of methods of treatment. The medicine prescribed is proportional to the fear of the disease.

It begins with the Settlers The Mayflower had two Physicians guess, rumor, or wives tales. Jyw Jyw

It all Started Salerno School of Medicine around 1000 A.D. Based on Greek concept of four elements  Fire, air, water, earth

It all Started body four “humors”  Blood (air), Phlegm (water), Black bile (earth), and yellow bile (fire)

Calomel Mecury Chloride Taken internally and used as a laxative (vomiting & Diarrhea) and disinfectant as well as a treatment for syphalis

Calomel Popular for physical and mental ailments “heroic medicine” regurgitate and release impurities from their body

Physician's job Maintain a balance ie: if a person had a cold (phlegm) the doctor applied hot medicines, even diets of pepper. The therapies included  Bleeding, purging (emetic or enema), blistering, poisoning

Catholic Church forbidding Illegal to cut open a dead body, certainly illegal to cut open a live one.  The human body was made in God’s own image and could not be violated The split of the Catholic church led to a change in surgeons practice

Michelangelo

Who were the physicians? Surgeons or barbers = cut things off Physician or barber = blood letting… Barbers got the job – cutting hair, pulling teeth, removing gallstones…

First Glorified Surgeon King Louis the 14 th had an anal fistula Surgeon Charles Francois Felix performed surgery on the fistula It was a success and the king honored him, led to the raise of surgeries in France Barbers and Surgeons broke up

BRAIN BREAK!

In the Colonies Only the wealthiest saw physicians Many colonials never saw a physician Dr. were not allowed to attend childbirth

Home Nursing Family members helped family members Use of herbs A history of self care and home remedies midwifery

Surviving Disease was considered the most fatal enemy of mankind Epidemic Infections No understanding of germs

Foundation A notion that the way to exorcise one set of afflictions from a patient’s body was to subject it to a considerably more violent set of afflictions. Heroics were on the side of the patient

Definitions Bleeding- cutting to let off blood Leeched- to bleed with the use of leeches

Definitions Cupped- localized suction to mobilize blood flow Blistered- blisters caused by caustic agents

Definitions Amputated- cutting off limbs Sweated- overheating for long periods

Definitions Trepanned- a whole is drilled or scraped into the human skull Scourged- use of a whip or lash

Definitions Purged- cause evacuation from the body Flayed- the removal of skin from the body

More moments in HX Nursing used to be primarily male  1700 during yellow fever epidemic, black slaves were hired out as nurses, believed to be immune During the Revolutionary War, physicians were called to service, midwives picked up the slack In the 1800 midwives began routines of washing, having fewer infections than the so called sterile hospitals

1800’s cont. Thomsonians: Hydropaths or water therapy, essentially personal hygiene 1806 first licensing laws passed in New York, Medical Practices Act 1807 Dr. John Crawfors suggested that germs caused fever Battle between these laws and the Thomsonians 1825 Homeopathy finds its way to the US 1854 Florence Nightingale: death rate from 42% to 2%