Roman Art and Architecture!

The exam for this topic You will be given 3 photographs from the works studied, and a set of questions on each. You must answer on 2 out of the 3 photos AchievementMeritExcellence Place the works in social and/or historical and/or artistic context(s) Describe the works and explain their style(s) and/or techniques used Place the works in social and/or historical and/or artistic context(s) with supporting evidence Describe the works in detail and analyse their style(s) and/or techniques used Place the works in social and/or historical and/or artistic context(s) with comprehensive supporting evidence Describe the works in detail and evaluate their style(s) and/or techniques used

Introduction The unit will be broken up into the following subtopics: Portraiture – patrician carrying busts, bust of commodus, philip the arabian Religious Architecture – maison caree, temple of bacchus at baalbek, ara pacis, pantheon Relief Sculptures – arch of titus, arch of constantine, trajan’s column Functional – colosseum, hadrian’s baths, hadrian’s villa at Tivoli, theatre at lepcis magna, pont du gard Mosaics - hadrians

Introduction ‘Art and Architecture’ is a description for the range of material culture that comes from ancient Rome. This topic looks at the art and architecture produced in the Roman Empire from the reign of Augustus (30BC-AD14) to Constantine (AD )

But first...a list of Emperors Julio-Claudian dynasty Augustus 27BC- AD14 Tiberius AD Caligula AD37 – 41 Claudius AD Nero AD Year of 4 emperors (AD 68 –AD69) Galba Otho Vitellius Flavian Dynasty Vespasian AD69-79 Titus AD79-81 Domitian AD Trajanic Dynasty Nerva AD96-98 Trajan AD Hadrian AD Antonine Dynasty Antoninus Pius AD Marcus Aurelius AD Lucis Verus AD Commodus AD Severan dynasty (11 emperors) Emperors during the height of crisis AD Philip the Arabian Many others (constant change) Constantine AD

Roman History The Regal Age: ca B.C. The Republic: B.C. The Empire: 27 B.C A.D. –Early Empire: 27 B.C.-325 A.D. –Later Empire: 325 A.D A.D.

END OF THE REPUBLIC The Victory of Caesar’s grandnephew, Octavian, over Marc Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC brought the end of the Roman Republic –The last civil war of the period Octavian (now calling himself Augustus) created an imperial monarchy to take place of the Republic

JULIO-CLAUDIANS Tiberius Gaius (Caligula) Claudius Nero

YEAR OF THE FOUR EMPERORS Galba Vitellius Otho Vespasian

FLAVIANS Titus Domitian Vespasian

TRJANIC Hadrian Trajan Nerva

ANTONINES Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Commodus

START OF THE SEVERAN DYNASTY PertinaxSeptimius Severus

Some questions to get you thinking Do you know what your great grandparents look like? How do you know this? Are these images displayed in a special place? What are some of the benefits to knowing what your ancestors looked like? What did Ancient Romans do to remember their ancestors when they didn’t have photographs?

Patrician Carrying Busts Artwork # 1 Subtopic: Portraiture

Patrician busts Write this on page 8 of your workbook under ‘Explain the importance of wax masks in Roman society’ When people died, It was custom to have wax masks of the dead made to use in funeral procession. This commemorated the dead. Bronze or marble copies of the death mask were made to be displayed at home. (Only Patrician families could afford this images of their ancestors – this was called the ius imaginum)

To ensure that I remember what he looks like I’ll have a wax mask made of his face. And in keeping with tradition I’ll wear that wax mask in the funeral procession to show everyone his face.

This bust Is great. I will put this in my living room So I can show my father off in my living room at home and remember him

What Patrician’s houses look like – busts of their family on display

Fantastic! Both my grandfathers’ bust And my father’s bust are on display in my house. I think I’ll have a bronze portrait done of me with my ancestors as I’m so proud.

Sculptor! Oh Sculptor! Please come and Sculpt a bronze Image of me With my dad and Grandad. I want People to see how Proud I am of them I want a copy of Me with them for My house! I’m ready! Write this on p.8 of workbook under ‘Explain the importance of wax masks in Roman society’: At the next family Funeral. This man Would carry the busts of his Father and Grandfather in procession To show how similar they look to him and to show the ancestors of the person who just died and to show that this man has been a patrician for 3 generations now. The more busts you had meant you were more wealthy and members of your family had been patricians for a long time. (A long pedigree)

That is a fantastic bronze Sculpture! Look how shiny It is. Let’s get a copy Of it in marble for our house!

Oh no! The Patrician’s head Has fallen off! Let’s find A replacement head from the Same era…..

A marble sculpture The 2 ‘busts’ here in marble are originals. But the head of the Patrician is a marble Replacement from a different statue. This whole statue is a copy of the bronze original Originally, The Patrician was an Actual person and the busts He was holding were wax.

What style would you say these faces are? Are they flashy or serious? Are they looking old or Young and attractive? What kinds of lives would they have had? What do these faces say about these people? If you had a portrait done of you to be remembered and looked at forever how would you want it to look? Realistic or glamourous?

Terms Patrician = The wealthy upper class people of Rome. Fill this in on p. 8 of workbook Workbook p.5: The wax images of the deceased were done in veristic style (a realistic depiction of an individual’s face, and showed the qualities of wisdom and experience, particularly on middle aged males, a ‘warts and all’ approach) and showed the family likeness. It also showed that the people were old, experienced, authorative, hard workers who gave a lot in their life.

Patrician Carrying busts p.5 workbook Leave the other questions for revision. Just answer this one by reading the information…. What does the word verism mean? See p. 11 of your workbook

Patrician carrying busts p. 6 workbook 1.See p. 6 Paul Artus 2.See p. 7 Paul Artus 3.See p. 6 Paul Artus bottom left & right 4.1=Wrinkles and creases shown in brow, corner of eyes & side of mouth 2=attention to bone structure. Skin stretches over the face 3=bags under eyes, balding head, sunken cheeks and large nose 5.See p. 7 Paul Artus 6.See bottom of p.6 Paul Artus 7.See bottom of p.6 Paul Artus 8.See top left of p.6 Paul Artus 9.See Paul artus p. 6 up the very top 10.See p.7 Paul Artus at top left Treasure hunt! Find the information!!

Patrician carrying busts p. 7 workbook Date: Made of: Marble Height: (top of p.7 Paul Artus) The Busts are intended copies of bronze originals It is done in the _____ style (See p. 6 Paul Artus) What is odd about the head? (See top left of p.7 Paul Artus)

Patrician carrying busts p. 7 workbook continued What is the carrier wearing? See Paul Artus top left corner p. 7 What is the occasion? It is the funeral of someone and he is carrying them in procession What is the significance of carrying the busts? Who would carry busts like this? How did these heads differ in style from Greek busts? Greek busts were idealised not veristic Why did the Romans want this style? Why were copies of busts like this made? What method was used to copy such busts easily? Wax was put over the deceased face to get the shape and detail

Complete questions in Your paul artus book For homework