Three features distinguish bureaucracies: Ch. 15 The Bureaucracy Hierarchical authority. Job specialization for each bureaucrat Formalized rules.

The White House Office and National Security Council The White House Office President’s key personal and political staff. Includes chief of staff, assistants to the President, press secretary, the counsel to the President, and the President’s physician. The National Security Council Advises the President on all domestic, foreign, and military matters that relate to the nation’s security. Includes the Vice President and the secretaries of state and defense.

The West Wing of the White House The President’s closest advisors work in the West Wing of the White House, near the oval office.

The Cabinet Informal advisory body brought together by the President Made up of the heads of the executive departments, as appointed by the President and approved by Senate

Ch. 17 Isolationism to Internationalism Domestic affairs – what happens INSIDE the US Foreign affairs – what happens between the US and other countries Isolationism - purposeful refusal to get involved in int’l issues Foreign Policy – US practices/stands toward other countries

The State Department Led by the Secretary of State, who ranks first among the members of the President’s Cabinet. Oversees Ambassadors and Diplomatic immunity– official US diplomats to other countries (appointed by the President) Issues passports

The Defense Department This chart shows the chain of command of the American military services.

The Military Departments The Department of the Army Army = largest & oldest of the armed services. Includes: -standing troops (Regular Army) -reserve units (Nat’l Guard & Reserves) The Department of the Navy Responsible for sea warfare and defense. Includes U.S. Marine Corps, a combat-ready land force The Department of the Air Force Air Force = youngest branch of the armed services. Nation’s first line of defense.

The CIA and the INS The CIA Part of foreign policy gathers, analyzes information for the President and the NSC. Includes espionage, or spying The INS The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) enforces immigration laws and requirements and administers benefits to immigrants.

NASA and the Selective Service NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA The Selective Service handles, when necessary, the conscription— or draft—of citizens for service in the armed forces.

Post-WWII Foreign Policy Deterrence Making America & its allies so militarily strong that their very strength will deter—discourage, or even prevent—any attack. Collective Security World community of countries agrees to act together against any nation that threatened the peace.