Warm Up Photosynthesis Prediction Cards – Using the cards, work with a partner to predict the process of photosynthesis from beginning to end.

Chocolate Chip Cookies Ingredients: 2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2 sticks) butter, softened 3/4 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 large eggs 2 cups (12-oz. pkg.) semi-sweet chocolate chips 1 cup chopped nuts Directions: PREHEAT oven to 375° F. COMBINE flour, baking soda and salt in small bowl. Beat butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar and vanilla extract in large mixer bowl until creamy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Gradually beat in flour mixture. Stir in morsels and nuts. Drop by rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking sheets. BAKE for 9 to 11 minutes or until golden brown. Cool on baking sheets for 2 minutes; remove to wire racks to cool completely.

Let’s Think About the Recipe What are the ingredients (raw materials)? What is being made (products)? What provides the energy for the change to take place? Did any of the ingredients disappear or get lost during the process?

Cell Energy Photosynthesis & Respiration

Cell Energy Foldable PhotosynthesisRespiration Cell Energy

Energy All living things need energy to – Live – Grow – Reproduce Plants (producers/autotrophs) – Get energy from the sun which they use to make food Animals (consumers/heterotrophs) – Get energy from their food

Photosynthesis The process by autotrophs use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food. Pigments: – Molecules that absorb light energy – Chlorophyll (“fills” chloroplasts) Main pigment of photosynthesis Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts - in the leaves of the plant.

Raw Materials (“Ingredients”) Carbon dioxide – Taken into the plant through the stomata Water – Taken into the plant through the roots Stomata

Energy Sunlight – Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. – Provides the energy to change the raw materials into the products of photosynthesis.

Products Food – Glucose (a carbohydrate) – Stored by the plant Oxygen – Released out of the plant through the stomata.

Photosynthesis

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 carbon + water glucose + oxygen dioxide Light energy RAW MATERIALSPRODUCTS sunlight NOVA - Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis – “Hands” Summary Write a brief sentence in each finger to answer the following questions. Your answers should be written in the hand location identified below. Left Palm — definition of photosynthesis. Left Pinky Finger — Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell? Left Ring Finger — Why does photosynthesis occur? Left Middle Finger — What is the chemical equation (words) of photosynthesis? Left Pointer Finger — What are the raw materials of photosynthesis? Left Thumb — What are the products of photosynthesis? * Color the hand GREEN when you finish. *

Got Food! Now What? Autotrophs – Perform photosynthesis to make food Heterotrophs – Eat food

Cellular Respiration Respiration (breathing) provides the oxygen needed for cellular respiration, and removes carbon dioxide. (Cellular) respiration – the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food – In eukaryotes, takes place in the mitochondria.

Cellular Respiration In animals… – Most of the energy from cellular respiration is used to maintain body heat. – The rest is used to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – which supplies energy for the cells activities. ATP = energy

Cellular Respiration

Raw Materials Products This is known as aerobic respiration – it requires oxygen! aero = air/oxygen

The Connection Between Photosynthesis & Respiration

Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration They have “opposite” equations – The products of one are the raw materials of the other.

Fermentation Some cells are able to obtain energy without oxygen. – Anaerobic respiration An = without aero = air/oxygen Fermentation – an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen. – Provides energy for cells without using oxygen – Less energy is released than in aerobic respiration

Fermentation 2 types – Alcoholic fermentation Yeasts Alcohol, carbon dioxide & small amount of energy are produced Carbon dioxide causes bread to rise – Lactic-Acid fermentation Occurs in muscle cells when you are working your muscles very hard. Build up of lactic acid – Causes muscles to feel weak, tired, & sore