Some items borrowed from: Susan M. Pojer, Horace Greeley HS, Chappaqua, NY

TODAY’S OBJECTIVE: The student will analyze the causes and effects of industrialization during the 19 th century in the U.S. by completing a graphic organizer

GENERALIZATION: Technological innovations often lead to industrialization, a change in economic systems, and urbanization.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How does technology change society?How does technology change society? How did technological innovations change the U.S. in the early 19 th century?How did technological innovations change the U.S. in the early 19 th century?

CONCEPTS: Technological innovationsTechnological innovations IndustrializationIndustrialization Economic systemsEconomic systems UrbanizationUrbanization Write each of the concepts on a Frayer model organizer.Write each of the concepts on a Frayer model organizer. Discuss with a partner what you think each means.Discuss with a partner what you think each means. Think of an example of each.Think of an example of each. Finally, discuss with the class and teacher and clarify and add to your definitions and examples.Finally, discuss with the class and teacher and clarify and add to your definitions and examples.

In 1800… Each family farm created most of their needs (food, clothing, simple tools, etc.)Each family farm created most of their needs (food, clothing, simple tools, etc.) Larger items (plows, harnesses) were either imported or created locallyLarger items (plows, harnesses) were either imported or created locally

Causes of Industrialization in the U.S. Economic Changes After the War of 1812Economic Changes After the War of 1812 Spread of the Industrial Revolution from Great Britain and Europe to AmericaSpread of the Industrial Revolution from Great Britain and Europe to America Rise of the factory system in the U.S.Rise of the factory system in the U.S. Growing market for goods and raw materials in Europe and the U.S.Growing market for goods and raw materials in Europe and the U.S.

Causes of Industrialization in the U.S. While the South and West developed the agricultural basis for the national economy, the Northeast was laying the foundation for an industrial revolution.While the South and West developed the agricultural basis for the national economy, the Northeast was laying the foundation for an industrial revolution.

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Erie Canal System

Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Principal Canals in 1840

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

The Railroad Revolution, 1850s p Immigrant labor built the No. RRs. p Slave labor built the So. RRs.

Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

Samuel Slater Early English-American industrialist known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution” "Father of the American Factory System" because he brought British textile technology to America Learned textile machinery as an apprentice to a pioneer in the British industry Brought the knowledge to America where he designed the first textile mills, went into business for himself and grew wealthy

The Lowell/Waltham System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town

Lowell in 1850

Lowell Mill

Early Textile Loom

New England Textile Centers: 1830s

New England Dominance in Textiles

Starting for Lowell

Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

Regional Specialization EAST  Industrial SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

Changed Life in America Working - More women and children worked outside the home in factories Farming - New inventions allowed farmers to produce more crops more cheaply Living - People moved to cities from farms (urbanization) Traveling - Much easier, so more people moved further west

Urbanization Began

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1860

National Origin of Immigrants: Why now?

Changing Occupation Distributions:

Humans Modified their Environment, with positive and negative consequences.

PositiveNegative

Characteristics of the Free Enterprise System: Right to choose jobs and professions Private property Limited government involvement in the economy (to protect the public interest and keep the national economy in balance) Competition and freedom of choice for consumers  Competition drives down prices. Producers are constantly looking for ways to make better and cheaper products in order to compete with others who produce the same or similar items. make economic decisions in the marketplace  Consumers have the freedom to choose

Characteristics of the Free Enterprise System: Profit motive  Profit is the motivating force in the free enterprise system, incentive for production  Therefore, producers want to supply goods and services that are in demand by consumers

What do you think was the most important cause and effect of the Industrial Revolution during this time? Explain why.

TODAY’S OBJECTIVE: The student will analyze the causes and effects of industrialization during the 19 th century in the U.S. by completing a graphic organizer

GENERALIZATION: Technological innovations often lead to industrialization, a change in economic systems, and urbanization.

How did technological innovations change the U.S. in the early 19 th century?