University of Utah 1 Grosch’s Law Herb Grosch (IBM, 1950) A large computer that costs 2X more than a small computer is... -2X faster?

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Presentation transcript:

University of Utah 1 Grosch’s Law Herb Grosch (IBM, 1950) A large computer that costs 2X more than a small computer is... -2X faster?

University of Utah 2 Grosch’s Law Herb Grosch (IBM, 1950) A large computer that costs 2X more than a small computer is... -2X faster? -4X faster!

University of Utah 3 Grosch’s Law Why? -Core memory is cheap -Support circuitry is expensive

University of Utah 4 Grosch’s Law Why? -Core memory is cheap -Support circuitry is expensive -No good way to connect machines together

University of Utah 5 Grosch’s Law Falters Chip-based memory -Faster, less wiring...

University of Utah 6 Grosch’s Law “Repealed” Ethernet! -Finally, a way to link cheap machines together effectively

University of Utah 7 Ethernet Yet another Xerox PARC invention (1973) Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs Xerox wanted to network its Alto computers together

University of Utah 8 Ethernet Inspirations -Data General “star” network no! -ALOHAnet yes!

University of Utah 9 Ethernet Basic idea -Shared coaxial cable connecting all computers -Collision detection -Random backoff

University of Utah Ethernet Standardization (1979) -DEC, Intel, Xerox agree to use Ethernet -...but not IBM...

University of Utah Ethernet Becomes common standard for workstation LANs (local area networks) But not for PCs (yet)

University of Utah Internet Descended from ARPANET A network of many smaller networks -Glued together by TCP/IP

University of Utah Internet Why? -Technical reasons: ARPA adopts BSD and TCP/IP in 1980 Rise of LANs -Social reasons: ARPA (1970s) National Science Foundation (1980s) InterNIC (1992)

University of Utah Internet What? -NOT the World Wide Web (yet)

University of Utah Internet What? -NOT the World Wide Web (yet) -Telnet

University of Utah Internet What? -NOT the World Wide Web (yet) -Telnet -FTP

University of Utah Internet What? -NOT the World Wide Web (yet) -Telnet -FTP -

University of Utah Internet What? -NOT the World Wide Web (yet) -Telnet -FTP - -BBS

University of Utah Internet What? -NOT the World Wide Web (yet) -Telnet -FTP - -BBS -Usenet (newsgroups)

University of Utah Internet What? -Gopher (1991) -Menu-based information retrieval system

University of Utah Gopher Demo

University of Utah World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee (1990) CERN -particle physics laboratory between Switzerland and France

University of Utah World Wide Web First web browser -“WorldWideWeb” First web server -“httpd” -Implemented on a NeXT computer

University of Utah World Wide Web

University of Utah First-ever web page! Want to see it?

University of Utah Break Time

University of Utah “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)