The Internet-The Great Information Superhighway Chapter 2

2 How the Internet Developed The Internet developed from a research project started by the U.S. Defense Department in ARPA-Advanced Research Projects Agency created after Sputnik RAND corporation suggested decentralized computer network was a way for govt and military leaders to communicate in nuclear war scenario.

2 Internet is Born ARPANET-first designed for military Researchers began to use in colleges Protocols-set of rules for network operation TCP/IP-became the protocol of Internet Soon ARPANET expanded to the Internet

2 Modern Internet Three inventions that spread the use of the Internet were: The personal computer (early 1980s) The World Wide Web (1989) Uses Hypertext to link information (word association) Made up of websites on the Internet The browser (1991) Allows users to locate and display information Mosaic was the first Followed by Explorer, Netscape, Firefox etc.

2 Connecting to the Internet In order to connect to the Internet you must have: A modem or router: allows your computer to send and receive signals though telephone lines, cable tv or satellite An Internet service provider (ISP): required for all home connections AOL, COMCAST, BELL SOUTH ETC Browser software: might need plug-in programs to retrieve some types of media applications

2 Plug-ins and Streaming Retrieving information Plug-ins-Hardware or software that adds a feature to your computer Adobe Reader, Shockwave, Flash, Quicktime Streaming Media-technique for transferring audio and video files to play as soon as they reach the PC

2 Navigating the Web In order to work with multimedia on the Internet, you must understand: The browser screen and its standard elements URL addresses and the information they contain (Uniform Resource Locator)

2 Standard Browser Elements Additional linksNavigation buttonsMenu barWeb address or URL SidebarMain display areaHyperlinks

2 Navigating the Web Domain Name is the name of the website Extension tells you the type of domain that the website is….com-commercial;.gov-government;.edu- educational;.mil-military;.org-nonprofit; etc

2 URL Elements

2 Searching the Web Use search engines to find the right Web page: Create search queries that include keywords. Use Boolean search strategies to narrow your search. Use the right search engine to conduct faster, more efficient searches.

2 Search Engines Basically large data bases-match keywords to websites Examples-AltaVista, Dogpile, Excite, Google, Yahoo Adding words to your search query will help refine the search.

2 Boolean Search Uses formulas with operators to tell the search engine how to search Generally these type of searches are more precise

2 Boolean operators AND-includes both words you list OR-includes either of two keywords NOT-excludes keyword NEAR-finds pages where keyword before the operator appears near the keyword after the operator

2 Boolean Symbols Quotation marks-search for exact phrase enclosed within Parentheses-Group keywords or operators to control the order the engine uses them Asterisk-Represents a sequence of unknown characters in a keyword gradua* will find: gradual, graduation, graduating, graduate etc.

2 Communicating on the Internet There are several ways to communicate on the Internet: Sent to a specific address. Can have attachments. NOT PRIVATE! File transfer protocol (FTP): Often used to transfer large files from one computer to another. Chat rooms: “Virtual” rooms where you can exchange typed messages with others who are in the room. Instant messaging: Allows you to communicate in real time with one person.

2 Netiquette Guidelines generally accepted and followed: Don’t violate privacy or confidentiality Don’t use all caps; flame or spam. Don’t send large files (especially at work) Don’t send information that is private or should be private. The Internet is NOT a private place.