Chapter 8 Theme 1 Reading Guide

The Wright brothers’ accomplishment opened a century filled with technological wonders. 3 Examples are Radios cars skyscrapers

Excitement at the beginning of the twentieth century mingled with conflict and tragedy. Explain Airplanes became powerful weapons in war black North Carolinians were held back by segregation sharecroppers struggled advancements in technology sometimes made jobs harder to find

What three industries became prominent in the state? North Carolina became the South’s most industrialized state in the new century. What three industries became prominent in the state? Textiles Tobacco furniture

How was North Carolina’s industrial growth powered? Industrial growth was powered by electricity created by building hydroelectric dams on rivers. Hydroelectric dams in NC

How did the growth of industry and technology impact life and culture in North Carolina? Towns and cities grew. Business profits built churches, hospitals, schools and libraries. Cars kept people on the move radios linked them to the rest of the world

How did the power of electricity spur the growth of textile mills? Engineers developed machines that used the flow of rivers to turn turbine engines that produced large amounts of electricity. As a result dam and power plants became a reality. Once steady electric power was available, more people built textile mills.

Summarize life as a mill worker. all members of the family were expected to work. Mill workers lived in mill villages close to the plants. After work, workers had opportunities to socialize by holding dances and attending church together. Mill workers also cared for each other in sickness or death. Mill workers’ lives were governed by the mill clock and whistle. To keep mill workers from moving so often, mill owners developed “welfare programs.” Mill workers who did not like their jobs or living conditions could do little but quit and move on.

What were the two goals of the “welfare work”? Mill owners often started education and entertainment programs in their villages. What were the two goals of the “welfare work”? to keep the mill workers from moving so often. Owners wanted workers to develop habits and goals that would help them thrive in modern industrial life

List some examples of the “welfare work.” Owners of mill sponsored brass bands, baseball teams, home economics classes and contests. Organized sports, such as baseball and basketball, taught workers to follow rules and work as a team to achieve goals.

List three examples of improvements. The Progressive Era was a period of time when people worked to make the United States a more orderly, safe, and prosperous society. List three examples of improvements. Efforts were made to end widespread diseases. Housing, sanitation challenges, and education Federal, state, and local governments became more involved in regulating business and planning for growth. Governments also began to invest more money in schools, roads, and social programs.

President Theodore Roosevelt and President Woodrow Wilson were both Progressives. How did they contribute to the improvements during the Progressive Era? Roosevelt: started the U.S. Forest Service and regulated big business by created the FDA which inspected meat and tested drugs for safety. Wilson: introduced a new income tax and created a program to regulate banking.

How did North Carolinians contribute to the Progressive Movement? North Carolina politicians and governors supported public health campaigns and won money for roads and public schools. Others began local reforms such as the YMCAs and YWCAs to help young working people. They also lobbied for improvements in the state prison system.

What became the focus of North Carolina’s Progressive reforms What became the focus of North Carolina’s Progressive reforms? Why did this become so important? Schools became the focus. School term was expanded to six months and more children attended. In the 19th century, most North Carolinians lived and worked on small farms. Many farm families did not see the importance of formal education. North Carolina’s new economy offered many job opportunities for educated people like clerks, teachers, and engineers. School became the path to a better life in a way it had never been before.