Would you associated the following with headland or bays? Calm conditions Destructive wavesConstructive waves Low energy conditions Shallow water High energy conditions Exposed location Sheltered location

This is a chalk headland. Because chalk is a sedimentary rock, lines of weakness run throughout the headland. Hydraulic action will exploit these weaknesses.

Between low and high tide, waves will attack the base of the headland. HT LT The process of corrasion will undercut the base of the cliff, forming a wave cut notch.

The undercutting by corrasion will make the cliff unstable. HT LT This creates small caves which are enlarged over time by erosion.

Caves develop on either side of the headland. HT LT These caves erode back through the headland and meet, forming an arch.

Continued erosion at the base of the arch will cause the roof to become unstable. HT LT It may collapse leaving a stack.

Continued erosion of the base of the stack may lead to its collapse, resulting in a stump. HT LT