Russian Revolution

Causes Landless peasantry Landless peasantry Absolute monarchy Absolute monarchy Military inadequately supplied – losing World War I Military inadequately supplied – losing World War I Defeat in a war with Japan Defeat in a war with Japan

Russian Revolution – March Revolution Czar abdicated Czar abdicated Duma (representative assembly)  Russian Republic (liberal constitution) Duma (representative assembly)  Russian Republic (liberal constitution) Provisional government continued war against Germany (bad decision) Provisional government continued war against Germany (bad decision)

Russian Revolution – November Revolution Lenin and the Bolsheviks (communists) Lenin and the Bolsheviks (communists) Lenin organized the communist takeover of Russia Lenin organized the communist takeover of Russia Communism – government owns and operates the means of production Communism – government owns and operates the means of production Executed both the Czar and his family Executed both the Czar and his family Lenin signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – got Russia out of World War I Lenin signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – got Russia out of World War I

Lenin’s Promise Bread Bread Land Land Peace Peace Peace, Land, and Bread Peace, Land, and Bread Peace, Land, and Bread Peace, Land, and Bread

Lenin Builds a Communist State New Economic Policy (NEP) – state controlled banks, foreign trade, and large industries while small businesses are owned and operated by individuals (socialism) – worked  improved Russian economy New Economic Policy (NEP) – state controlled banks, foreign trade, and large industries while small businesses are owned and operated by individuals (socialism) – worked  improved Russian economy

Lenin Builds a Communist State Seen as temporary retreat from communism Seen as temporary retreat from communism Lenin dies and Stalin comes to power in the Soviet Union, Lenin dies and Stalin comes to power in the Soviet Union, ia.org

Five Year Plan Goal – make Soviet Union a modern industrial power by building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output Goal – make Soviet Union a modern industrial power by building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output How – Command Economy  government controls all economic activity (communism) How – Command Economy  government controls all economic activity (communism)

Five Year Plan - Results Oil, coal, and steel production grew Oil, coal, and steel production grew Mining expanded and new railroads were built Mining expanded and new railroads were built Standard of living remained poor Standard of living remained poor Wages were low Wages were low

Revolution in Agriculture - Collectivism Goal – end peasant ownership of small plots of land Goal – end peasant ownership of small plots of land How – peasants could keep only homes and personal belongings and had to give up land (two choices – live on state owned farms or collectives – farms owned and operated by peasants as a group) How – peasants could keep only homes and personal belongings and had to give up land (two choices – live on state owned farms or collectives – farms owned and operated by peasants as a group) Results – did not improve farm output (grain production grew slightly while meat, vegetables, and fruits remained in short supply) Results – did not improve farm output (grain production grew slightly while meat, vegetables, and fruits remained in short supply)

Great Purge Goal – seek out and destroy anyone who might weaken Stalin’s power (writers, intellectuals, heroes, etc…) Goal – seek out and destroy anyone who might weaken Stalin’s power (writers, intellectuals, heroes, etc…) How – Secret Police (rounded up people), Show Trials (people confessed to all kinds of crimes against the government due to torture) How – Secret Police (rounded up people), Show Trials (people confessed to all kinds of crimes against the government due to torture) Results – people sent to labor camps in Siberia or executed  increased Stalin’s power Results – people sent to labor camps in Siberia or executed  increased Stalin’s power Stalin Stalin Stalin

Totalitarianism Stalin establishes a totalitarian state (Soviet Union) Stalin establishes a totalitarian state (Soviet Union) Totalitarianism state  a one- party dictator (Stalin) attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens Totalitarianism state  a one- party dictator (Stalin) attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens

Propaganda Radios, movies, theaters, etc… Radios, movies, theaters, etc… Emphasized communist success Emphasized communist success Capitalism is evil Capitalism is evil

Censorship Government controlled what books were published, what music was heard, etc… Government controlled what books were published, what music was heard, etc…

Communist Ideology Sacred texts – Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx Sacred texts – Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx Shrine – tomb of Lenin Shrine – tomb of Lenin Portraits of Stalin replaced religious icons Portraits of Stalin replaced religious icons Religion Religion Religion

War on Religion Atheism – belief in no god Atheism – belief in no god Destroy religious organization in the Soviet Union Destroy religious organization in the Soviet Union www,stbasil.com

Secret Police Rounded up the accused Rounded up the accused Sought out people who might threaten Stalin’s power Sought out people who might threaten Stalin’s power