1 Alan Fleischman, M.D. Senior Vice President and Medical Director October 4, 2011 Statewide strategies to improve birth outcomes through timely deliveries

2 March of Dimes Mission The mission of the March of Dimes is to improve the health of babies by preventing birth defects, premature birth and infant mortality. Alan Fleishman2

3 March of Dimes From its beginning, the March of Dimes has carried out its mission through research, community intervention programs, education, and advocacy

Alan Fleishman4 Institute of Medicine Report: Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention, 2006 Preterm birth is a complex, costly and serious public health problem in the U.S.

Alan Fleishman5 Consequences of Preterm Birth Acute: –Respiratory Distress Syndrome –Cardiovascular Function –Fluid and Electrolyte Balance –Jaundice –Nutrition and Growth –Infection –Necrotizing Enterocolitis –Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Periventricular Leukomalacia

Alan Fleishman6 Consequences of Preterm Birth Long-term: –Chronic Respiratory Problems –Re-hospitalization –Neurodevelopmental Problems Cerebral Palsy Cognitive Deficits Hearing and Vision Impairment Autistic Symptomatology

Alan Fleishman7 Institute of Medicine Report: Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention, 2006 United States cost per year: $26.2 Billion Total costs $26.2 Billion

8 Thomson Reuters for the March of Dimes, 2009 Average Expenditure for Newborn Care (privately insured through employer) Alan Fleishman 8

9 Changing Distribution of Singleton Live Births United States, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2006 Peak Shifted: 40 to 39 weeks Source: National Center for Health Statistics, final natality data Prepared by March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center, 2009 Over 4 million babies born per year Alan Fleishman

10 Accuracy of Gestational Dating (Guidelines for Perinatal Care 6 th Edition, October, 2007) “ Management of pregnancy requires establishing an estimated date of delivery.” An ultrasound examination is most accurate when performed before 20 weeks of gestation –6-10 weeks +/- 3 days –10-14 weeks +/- 5 days –14-20 weeks +/- 7 days - >20 weeks +/ days Alan Fleishman

11 Definitions Weeks of Pregnancy Late Preterm 22 PretermTerm Alan Fleishman

12 Definitions Weeks of Pregnancy Late Preterm 22 PretermTerm Alan Fleishman

13 Definitions Weeks of Pregnancy Late Preterm Early TermFull Term 22 PretermTerm Alan Fleishman

14 Definitions Weeks of Pregnancy Late Preterm Early TermFull Term 22 PretermTerm Alan Fleishman

15 Preterm Birth Rates by Gestational Age U. S., 1990, 2000, * *2009, provisional -- Source: National Vital Statistics Reports Percent Alan Fleishman

16 U.S. Preterm Birth Rates 71% Late Preterm % Alan Fleishman

Risk Factors for Preterm Labor & Delivery Groups at highest risk: History of preterm labor/delivery Current multifetal pregnancy African-American Non-medically indicated Iatrogenic intervention Alan Fleishman17

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Why are non-medically indicated (elective inductions and scheduled cesarean deliveries) increasing in frequency? Alan Fleishman 18

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Sounds like a good idea… Advanced planning Convenience Delivered by her doctor Maternal intolerance to late pregnancy Excess edema, backache, indigestion, insomnia Prior bad pregnancy And, it’s okay right? Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;49: Alan Fleishman 19

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Complications of Non-medically Indicated Deliveries Between 37 and 39 Weeks *See Toolkit for more data and full list of citations Source: Clark 2009, Madar 1999, Morrison 1995, Sutton 2001, Hook 1997 Increased NICU admissions (and separation from mother) Increased respiratory illness--transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) Increased jaundice and readmissions Increased suspected or proven sepsis Increased newborn feeding problems and other transition issues Alan Fleishman 20

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style What Motivates Some Obstetricians? Physician convenience Guarantee attendance at birth Avoid potential scheduling conflicts Reduce being woken at night … what’s the harm? Amnesia due to rare occurrence. The NICU can handle it. And… Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;49: Alan Fleishman 21

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Alan Fleishman 22

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Women’s Perceptions Regarding the Safety of Birth at Various Gestational Ages When is a baby full term? weeks is full term24.0% weeks is full term50.8% What is the earliest point in pregnancy that it is safe to deliver the baby, should there be no other medical complications requiring early delivery? weeks51.7% weeks40.7% weeks 7.6% Source: Goldenberg RL, et al. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114: Alan Fleishman 23

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists – Practice Bulletin, August, 2009 No elective induction or elective cesarean delivery before 39 weeks without clinical indication. Even a mature fetal lung test result before 39 weeks of gestation, in the absence of appropriate clinical circumstances, is not an indication for delivery. Source: ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 107, August, 2009 Alan Fleishman24

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Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Eliminate Non-Medically Indicated Deliveries Before 39 Weeks Available at: marchofdimes.com or cmqcc.org Alan Fleishman 26

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Table of Content s Making the Case Implementation Strategy Data Collection/QI Measurement Clinician Education Patient Education Appendices Alan Fleishman 27

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Key Change Components Identify Physician Champion Create (Rewrite) Hospital Policy Establish Professional Consensus on: “Indications for Early Delivery” Alan Fleishman 28

Examples of Successful Programs to Reduce Non-medically Indicated Deliveries Before 39 week of Gestation Magee Women’s Hospital (Pittsburgh) Intermountain Healthcare (Utah) Ohio Perinatal Quality Collaborative (State Department of Health) Alan Fleishman29

Common Themes Started with professional education to obstetricians regarding ACOG guidelines and best practices. Modest change at most, until physicians were held accountable, nurses were empowered, and guidelines were enforced (“Hard stop”). Medical leadership critically important. Alan Fleishman30

% Non-medically Indicated Deliveries <39 Weeks January 1999 – December 2005 Source: Oshiro, B. et al. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113: Alan Fleishman31

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Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Summary: Reasons to Eliminate Non-medically Indicated Deliveries Before 39 Weeks Reduction of neonatal complications No harm to mother if no medical or obstetrical indication for delivery Substantial cost savings Now a national quality measure: National Quality Forum (NQF) Leapfrog Group The Joint Commission (TJC) Alan Fleishman 33

The Big 5 States What are the unique opportunities for the Big 5 States to accomplish something significant... Alan Fleishman34

Big 5 States - Total Together, the Big 5 States account for: Source: National Center for Health Statistics Births1,629, % Hispanic Births665, % Non-Hispanic Black Births202, % Preterm Births199, % Late Preterm Births142, % C-Sections528, % Alan Fleishman35

Big 5 Hospital Network Goal: To eliminate non-medically indicated deliveries <39 weeks in 25 network hospitals by conducting a study of the proof of concept that the toolkit can result in positive change.  A minimum of 5 hospitals from each Big 5 state selected  Hospital QI teams carrying out change components outlined in the toolkit  Hospital teams participate on monthly conference calls  Baseline data and post-implementation data collected, analyzed and given back to the hospitals  Tools and lessons learned will support a national rollout  Network Timeline 9/1/2010 – 12/31/2011 Alan Fleishman36

Toward Improving the Outcome of Pregnancy III: Enhancing Perinatal Health Through Quality, Safety, and Performance Initiatives December, 15, 2010 Alan Fleishman37

TIOP III: Table of Contents Chapter 1: History of the Quality Improvement Movement Chapter 2: Evolution of Quality Improvement in Perinatal Care Chapter 3: Epidemiologic Trends in Perinatal Care Chapter 4: The Role of Patients and Families in Improving Perinatal Care Chapter 5: Quality Improvement Opportunities in Preconception and Interconception Care Chapter 6: Quality Improvement Opportunities in Prenatal Care Chapter 7: Quality Improvement Opportunities in Intrapartum Care Chapter 8: Applying Quality Improvement Principles in Caring for the High Risk Infant Chapter 9: Quality Improvement Opportunities in Postpartum Care Chapter 10: Quality Improvement Opportunities to Promote Equity in Perinatal Health Outcomes Chapter 11: Systems Change Across the Continuum of Care Chapter 12: Policy Dimensions of Systems Change in Perinatal Care Chapter 13: Opportunities for Action and Summary of Recommendations Alan Fleishman 38

39 Patient Brochures Alan Fleishman

40 Patient Brochures Alan Fleishman40

41 New Media Campaign Babies aren’t fully developed until at least 39 weeks in the womb…… If your pregnancy is healthy, wait for labor to begin on it’s own. Alan Fleishman41

42 New TV PSA Television public service ad featuring Julie Bowen (30-seconds) Alan Fleishman42

43 Can We Improve Birth Outcomes Through Timely Deliveries? YES!!!! Alan Fleishman 43

44 Thank You!!! Alan Fleishman 44