“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.” What does this quote mean? Think of an example.

Natural Selection and Evolution Organisms have adapted to survive in many different environments. What does evolution describe? EEvolution describes change over time within a species How does this change occur? NNatural Selection - Those living things born with traits that give some advantage in survival and reproduction, will tend on average to leave more offspring that have those very traits.

Natural Selection Variation between individuals Must compete with each other for limited resources (food, light, mates) Some individuals may have characteristics enabling them to survive and reproduce more successfully Successful characteristics are passed to offspring. Over time, more individuals will have these successful characteristics. Those that are less adapted will die out, leaving only the ‘fittest’ to survive.

Charles Darwin Darwin was not the first to propose that species evolve (change) over time. He was the first to explain it with his theory of natural selection. ral-selection ral-selection

Inherited Traits and Learned Behaviors How would you describe yourself? Make a list of 5 characteristics…

Essential Questions How are inherited traits different from learned behaviors? Vocabulary to Know: Inherited trait Offspring Learned behavior

How would you describe yourself? You might say that you have brown eyes, and that you like to skateboard. Let’s make a list of words that describe yourself! Now let’s look at our list…how many of your descriptions could also describe someone in your family?

Now let’s say that you have brown eyes and you like to skateboard… Consider this…does anyone else in your family have brown eyes or like to skateboard? Probably only a few of them like to skateboard…but one of your parents have brown eyes. Your eye color came from your parents, however you learned to skateboard.

Humans and other animals are a mix of characteristics from their parents and behaviors they learned on their own A physical characteristic that is passed from a parent to their baby (offspring) is an inherited trait.

Inherited Traits Eye color Skin color Hair color Curly or straight hair Dimples Freckles Height

Are your ear lobes attached to the side of your head, or do they hang free? The shape of your ear lobe is an inherited trait.

Inherited Behaviors A behavior is a way of acting. Behaviors can be inherited too. Inherited behaviors are called instincts. Many animals are born with instincts that help them survive. Can you think of any animal instincts?

Inherited Behavior examples… When the weather turns chilly in the fall, animals prepare for the winter by instinct. Some animals head for warmer climates during the winter. Other animals find a safe spot and curl up for a long sleep. No one taught these animals how to survive winters. They know what to do by instinct.

Birds protect their eggs and babies by instinct. Frogs are not born with this instinct. They leave their eggs to hatch-or die- on their own. Can you think of any additional inherited behaviors (instincts).

Learned Behaviors Are you better at using the computer than the some of the adults in your family? If so, you learned how to do this. You did not inherit this behavior from your parents. We learn many behaviors that helps us every day. These behaviors include how to make a sandwich, wakeboard, and be polite to others.

Can you learn behaviors that do not help you? Yes! They can include watching television or eating poorly. Can animals learn behaviors? Yes! Can your dog sit?

Let’s review… An inherited trait is a physical characteristic that is passed from parents to their babies (offspring). A behavior is a way of acting. Inherited behaviors are called instincts. Learned behaviors are not inherited but learned from others.

Quiz Time

Which of these is an inherited trait? a.Liking the color red b.Having long fingers c.Wearing your hair in a ponytail d.Liking chocolate ice cream

Which of these is a learned behavior? a.Having long eyelashes b.Having curly hair c.Heading south in the fall d.Liking peanut butter sandwiches

Which of these can you change? a.Your instincts b.Your inherited traits c.Your learned behaviors d.Your inherited behaviors

A woman is an excellent cook. Why are her children likely to become good cooks? a.They will learn to cook by instinct b.They will learn to cook by watching c.They will inherit her cooking skills d.Cooking is an inherited trait