December 41, 2012.  Physical transition – change in state of matter that does not alter chemical bonds  Glass transition temperature (T g ) – temperature.

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Presentation transcript:

December 41, 2012

 Physical transition – change in state of matter that does not alter chemical bonds  Glass transition temperature (T g ) – temperature at which a polymer changes from rubber into glass (or glass into rubber)  Rubbery state – temperature range at which a polymer is above its glass transition  Glassy state – temperature range at which a polymer is below its glass transition

Name the physical transitions you have discussed in class so far.  Melting/Freezing (solid/liquid transition)  Evaporation/Condensation (liquid/gas transition)  Sublimation (solid/gas transition)  Glass transition (solid/solid transition)

HHeat: material becomes flexible (rubbery) CCool: material becomes stiff (glassy) RReversible 25°C65°C Heat Cool

EVERYTHING!  Water = -136°C (theoretically)  Polyethylene = -90°C  Poly(ethylene terephthalate) = 70°C  Polystyrene = 95°C  Poly(methyl methacrylate) = 100°C  Polycarbonate = 150°C

 Polymers in dashboards have T g s higher than “ambient temperature”  HOW DO WE KEEP THE DASHBOARDS FROM CRACKING?!?  Answer: PLASTICIZERS  Plasticizers spread out the polymer chains, lowering T g  They also produce that (amazing) “new-car smell”

 Old school: heat or cool polymer and try to bend it  New school:  Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)  Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)  Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Stationary clamp Polymer sample Oscillating clamp Furnace Nitrogen line

 Old school: heat or cool polymer and try to bend it  New school:  Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)  Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)  Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Furnace Probe Sample goes here Stuff that really shouldn’t be here

 Old school: heat or cool polymer and try to bend it  New school:  Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)  Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)  Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Furnace Sample mount Reference mount Autosampler (so we can be lazy!)

If you want more information on the glass transition, check these websites out: This website has more info on what the glass transition is. eature=related These videos show a rubber ball bouncing in slow motion. One is above its T g, the other is below its T g.