CRITICISM “ The stones that critics hurl with harsh intent, a man may use to build a monument.” -Arthur Guiterman

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE YOUNG, ______________________ DOGS

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE May also be considered a Developmental disorder Cracks in ____________ ____________________

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE - DX Early - Decreased bone density of epiphysis, sclerosis and thickening of femoral neck Later- ____________ areas in femoral neck End-stage – flattening and extreme deformation of the femoral head, severe osteoarthritis

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE: TREATMENT (SX) FEMORAL HEAD AND NECK EXCISION FHNE

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE Client education – Recovery from surgery takes 3-6 months – Glucosamines and chondroitin sulfate – May be hereditary – ______________________ – With sx – good to excellent prognosis for full recovery – Conservative therapy – alleviate lameness in 2-3 months in 25%

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS: OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS Large breed fast growing dogs Young Large breed fast growing dogs Young

NORMAL BONE OCD: Disturbance of ______________________ in long bones that leads to excessive retention of cartilage

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS FAILURE OF THE LOWER LAYERS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE TO MATURE INTO BONE RESULTS IN THICKENED CARTILAGE THAT IS PRONE TO INJURY Disturbance of endochondral ossification that leads to excessive retention of cartilage

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS: cartilage flap with inflammatory joint changes CARTILAGE FLAP OF THE SCAPULOHUMERAL JOINT WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON LOCATION

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

CARTILAGE FLAP IN THE STIFLE JOINT (_____________________ : loose cartilage flap)

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS: PANOSTEITIS LARGE, MEDIUM BREEDS AT A YOUNG AGE 6-18 MONTHS CAUSE: UNKNOWN, BUT THERE ARE MANY SUSPECTED CONTRIBUTORS

PANOSTEITIS 1.PELVIS 2.LESIONS OF PANOSTEITIS 3.FEMUR INFLAMMATION IN THE _____________ _____________________ OF LONG BONES THAT LEADS TO PAIN, LAMENESS, AND FEVER (Viral?)

PANOSTEITIS INCREASED MEDULLARY _____________________

PANOSTEITIS TREATMENT OF PANOSTEITIS INCLUDES NSAIDS AND CAGE REST Full recovery ~ 1 year THIS DISEASE IS ____________________ AND HAS A GOOD PROGNOSIS!

COXOFEMORAL LUXATIONS HX OF TRAUMA, ACUTE LAMENESS, NON WEIGHT BEARING, POSSIBLE SWELLING OVER THE HIP Stifle rotated: outward Hock: inward CRANIODORSAL LUXATION

LUXATIONS _______________LUXATION IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE Stifle rotated: outward Hock: inward

Hip Luxation Rx – Closed reduction anesthesia required for proper muscle relaxation – Using traction, rotate and pull head back in place – Open reduction Replace head of femur and suture soft tissue around acetabulum to keep it in place FHO – Either way, bandage in abduction x 2 wk (______________)

LUXATIONS

DON’T GIVE UP! “Courage doesn’t always roar. Sometimes courage is that quiet voice at the end of the day that says ‘I will try again tomorrow.’

TUMORS OF THE BONE MOST COMMON IN LARGE BREED MALE DOGS OLDER THAN 7 YRS OF AGE THE ___________________ IS THE MOST COMMON LOCATION

TUMORS OF THE BONE 85%-90% OF BONE CANCER IN DOGS IS OSTEOSARCOMA

TUMORS OF THE BONE OSTEOSARCOMA TENDS TO OCCUR AWAY FROM THE ELBOW AND TOWARDS THE KNEE

TUMORS OF THE BONE

METASTASIS OF OSTEOSARCOMA TO THE LUNGS; THERE IS USUALLY ALREADY SOME MICROSCOPIC SREAD OF TUMOR BY THE TIME IT IS DIAGNOSED

TUMORS OF THE BONE ____________ OF THE AFFECTED LIMB ALONG WITH CHEMOTHERAPY IS A COMMON TREATMENT PLAN SURVIVAL TIME IS ~12 MONTHS EVEN WITH AGGRESSIVE THERAPY

MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS Immune Mediated ____________________________

MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS Biopsy Glucocorticoids

MYOPATHIES: MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS (aka atrophic myositis, eosinophilic myositis) Immune mediated (type 2M muscle fibers) CLINICAL SIGNS INCLUDE ELEVATED 3 RD EYELIDS, ATROPHY OF THE JAW MUSCLES (____________, ________________), AND INABILITY TO OPEN THE MOUTH (TRISMUS)

MYOPATHIES: FELINE POLYMYOPATHY - Acquired CERVICAL VENTROFLEXION OF THE NECK 2° TO ____________________ (chronic renal disease): neuromuscular weakness

Declaw Considered “inhumane” by some people Outlawed in some European countries San Francisco “advises” against it It is an amputation of the _________________ of cat’s toes

Declaw Reasons why owners declaw cats – Shredded furniture, drapes – Scratched by cat Procedure – Apply tourniquet to leg – Anesthetize, remove claws – Tight bandages x 3 d – Send home _____________________

Dock Tails Also banned in some European countries Done at 2-5 days old No anesthesia 1 stitch