Adaptive Radiation. "Adaptive radiation refers to those evolutionary groups that have exhibited an exceptional extent of adaptive diversification into.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION.

Advertisements

The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation. QUICK Think of the First Adaptive Radiation That Comes to Mind.

Patterns of Speciation Diversify in Bursts (punctuational) Diversify slowly (gradual) Time No diversification (living fossil) Evolutionary Changes X X.

Evolution in Action. What is a Species? Morphological definition – a species is defined by its structure and appearance Biological definition – a species.

CHAPTER 53 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section D: Biogeographic Factors Affecting the Biodiversity.

Evolution of Populations.  Biologists studying evolution often focus on a particular population. Population - a group of individuals of the same species.

Maryam Daman UOG.

Origin of Species The term species refers to individuals in a population that are free to breed and that produce viable offspring, without outside intervention,

RATES OF DIVERSIFICATION. BACKGROUND Rapid rate of diversification often follows the adaptive radiation + (sexual) selection New niches Mutation New species.

Speciation Through Isolation Student Self Assessment 1. I barely know what the subject is. I need significant help. 2. I think I’m starting to get.

Life Science: Chapters 10, 11 and 12 Biology: Chapters 14, 15 and 16

Adaptation & Other Things. Adaptation  Any trait that enhances an organisms fitness or increases it’s chance of survival and probability of successful.

DARWIN Charles Darwin - naturalist aboard HMS Beagle from

Speciation Through Isolation and Patterns in Evolution.

Chapter 24 Macroevolution and Speciation. Macroevolution Macroevolution refers to any evolutionary change at or above the species level. Speciation is.

Patterns of Evolution. Sequential Evolution Changes in the gene pool from one generation to the next. Populations evolve gradually as they become adapted.

Mechanisms of Species Diversity

Macroevolutionary patterns and the fossil record Diversity changes Rates of evolutionary change Patterns of lineage diversification.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.  A species can be defined as a group of organisms whose members can breed and produce fertile offspring, but.

Systematics Study of pattern and processes associated with biological diversity and diversification Taxonomy – study of classification (hierarchy, naming.

Speciation Chapter 18.

Chapter 11 Jeopardy Genetic Variation & Natural Selection.

Chapter 15-3 Evolution in Action. A continuous process A heritable change in characteristics from one generation to the next It is ongoing today and can.

Low rate of lineage diversification High rates of lineage diversification Ancestral trait innovation Evolutionary dead ends (e.g. specialization hypothesis)

- When a species diverges over time into two different species, resulting in a species becoming less like the original one - Live in different ways than.

THEORY OF EVOLUTION Chapter 16. Idea of Evolution ◦Charles Darwin ( ) ◦English ________________ ◦Took a trip around the world on a ship called.

 Why is there only two wolves at the top of the pyramid and 6 rabbits in the next level down? 2 Wolves 6 Rabbits 2000 Blades of Grass.

Origins & Maintenance of Diversity A Hierarchy of Processes.

Patterns of evolution.

Developmental Constraints, Genetic Correlations & Natural Selection.

How are evolution and ecology related?

1. Compare and Contrast How is mass extinction different from background extinction 2. Relate Cause and Effect Why would evolution speed up when a small.

Patterns of Evolution.

Patterns of Evolution.

Charles Darwin The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)

Habitat Variability of Anolis Lizards in the Caribbean and the Spatial and Ecological Relationships of Anolis cristatellus on Puerto Rico A. cristatellus.

Chapter 14 : The Origin of Species Evolution is the source of biological diversity Most changes are minor.

Species richness: Taxonomic/phylogenetic perspectives.

17.3 Darwin and Natural Selection: What Darwin knew  Darwin understood the fossil record and explained it by combining the two popular ideas of gradualism.

14.1 Habitat And Niche TEKS 7E, 11B, 12A The student is expected to: 7E analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to.

OBJECTIVES: 1) EXPLAIN WHY DEFINING SPECIES IS DIFFICULT 2) IDENTIFY CAUSES OF SPECIATION 3) DESCRIBE MACROEVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES/PATTERNS SPECIATION &

Evolution, Biodiversity, & Population Ecology

Evolution: Change over Time

Natural Selection and the Origin of Species

Aim: How does geographic & reproductive isolation lead to speciation?

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION.

Speciation evolution of a new species

Patterns and Processes of Evolution (Ch 19.2)

15-2 Mechanisms of Evolution

Unit 9: Evolution 9.3 What is Evolution?.

Bellringer What is speciation?.

Patterns and processes of Evolution

Pick up note page and practice worksheet

Evolution in Action.

Patterns of Evolution.

Random Change Changes in a gene pool can be caused by a number of different factors: Small populations are prone to changes in gene frequency from chance.

Lizard Evolution.

Phylogeny and Systematics (Part 6)

Anolis Lizards of the Greater Antilles: QUESTIONS PART I

Evolution Glencoe Chapter 15.

Evolution in Action.

Unit 9: Evolution 9.3 What is Evolution?.

Adaptive Radiation Remember Darwin’s Finches?

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

PRINCIPLES OF EVOLUTION/BIOETHICS

Evolution Questions #3 Speciation.

Presentation transcript:

Adaptive Radiation

"Adaptive radiation refers to those evolutionary groups that have exhibited an exceptional extent of adaptive diversification into a variety of ecological niches, with such divergence often occurring extremely rapidly." Gavrilets and Losos 2009

Adaptive Radiation "Adaptive radiation refers to those evolutionary groups that have exhibited an exceptional extent of adaptive diversification into a variety of ecological niches, with such divergence often occurring extremely rapidly." "Adaptive radiation has two components: the production of new species (speciation) and the adaptation of constituent species to a diversity of ecological niches." Gavrilets and Losos 2009

Adaptive Radiation example: Greater Antillean Anolis One species invaded the Northern Caribbean from mainland America millions of years ago This lineage evolved into several species, several ecological and morphological types Some of these 'ecomorphs' evolved multiple times

Ecomorph: Suite of ecological, morphological, and behavioral characteristics associated with a particular niche

Trunk-crown: Hispaniola Trunk-crown: Cuba Ecomorphs in Anolis lizards

Trunk-ground: Hispaniola Trunk-ground: Cuba

Crown-giant: Hispaniola Crown-giant: Cuba Ecomorphs in Anolis lizards

Trunk: Hispaniola Trunk: Cuba

Twig: Hispaniola Twig: Cuba

Grass: Hispaniola Grass: Puerto Rico

Greater Antillean non ecomorphs or new ecomorphs

How to test for adaptive radiation 1"an exceptional extent of adaptive diversification into a variety of ecological niches" Compare morphological and/or ecological diversity among clades variance among species variance among deeper lineages

How to test for adaptive radiation 2"the production of new species (speciation)… with such divergence often occurring extremely rapidly" Lineage x time plots: high overall rate? bursts of diversity?

When does adaptive radiation occur? Ecological opportunity: "an ancestral species finds itself in an environment in which resources are abundant and underutilized." (Schluter 2000) –Colonization of an underpopulated area (lakes, islands) –Extinction of previously ecologically dominant groups –Key innovation

Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Early burst

Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Early burst Area effects

Early burst Area effects Stages of radiation Patterns of Adaptive Radiation

Reconstructing ancestral statestic trees: Adaptation vs. Exaptation

Published by AAAS