Chapter 5 Nomenclature

Chapter 5 Table of Contents Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Naming Compounds 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) 5.4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions 5.6Naming Acids 5.7Writing Formulas from Names

Section 5.1 Naming Compounds Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 3 Binary Compounds  Composed of two elements Binary Ionic Compounds  Metal—nonmetal Binary Covalent Compounds  Nonmetal—nonmetal

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 4 Binary ionic compounds contain positive cations and negative anions.  Type I compounds Metal present forms only one cation.  Type II compounds Metal present can form 2 or more cations with different charges.

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 5 Common Simple Cations and Anions

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 6 1.The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2.A simple cation takes its name from the name of the element. 3.A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding –ide. Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 7 Examples: KClPotassium chloride MgBr 2 Magnesium bromide CaOCalcium oxide Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 8 Exercise What is the name of the compound SrBr 2 ? a)strontium bromine b)sulfur bromide c)strontium dibromide d)strontium bromide

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 9 Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) Metals in these compounds can form more than one type of positive charge. Charge on the metal ion must be specified. Roman numeral indicates the charge of the metal cation. Transition metal cations usually require a Roman numeral.

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 10 Common Type II Cations

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 11 1.The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2.Because the cation can assume more than one charge, the charge is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses. Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 12 Examples: CuBrCopper(I) bromide FeSIron(II) sulfide PbO 2 Lead(IV) oxide Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 13 Exercise What is the name of the compound CrO 2 ? a)chromium oxide b)chromium(II) oxide c)chromium(IV) oxide d)chromium dioxide

Section 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 14 Exercise What is the correct name of the compound that results from the most stable ion for sulfur and the metal ion that contains 24 electrons? a)iron(III) sulfide b)chromium(II) sulfide c)nickel(III) sulfate d)iron(II) sulfide

Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 15 Formed between two nonmetals. 1.The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used. 2.The second element is named as though it were an anion. 3.Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. 4.The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element. Rules for Naming Type III Binary Compounds

Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 16 Prefixes Used to Indicate Numbers in Chemical Names

Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 17 Examples: CO 2 Carbon dioxide SF 6 Sulfur hexafluoride N 2 O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)

Section 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 18 Exercise What is the name of the compound SeO 2 ? a)selenium oxide b)selenium dioxide c)selenium(II) oxide d)selenium(IV) dioxide

Section 5.4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 19 Flow Chart for Naming Binary Compounds

Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 20 Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of several atoms bound together. They have special names and must be memorized.

Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 21 Names of Common Polyatomic Ions

Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 22 Naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions follows rules similar to those for binary compounds.  Ammonium acetate

Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 23 NaOHSodium hydroxide Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Magnesium nitrate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Ammonium sulfate FePO 4 Iron(III) phosphate Examples

Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 24 Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical Compounds

Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 25 Exercise What is the name of the compound KClO 3 ? a)potassium chlorite b)potassium chlorate c)potassium perchlorate d)potassium carbonate

Section 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 26 Exercise Examine the following table of formulas and names. Which of the compounds are named correctly? a)I, II b)I, III, IV c)I, IV d)I only FormulaName IP2O5P2O5 Diphosphorus pentoxide IIClO 2 Chlorine oxide IIIPbI 4 Lead iodide IVCuSO 4 Copper(I) sulfate

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 27 Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula—HCl. Molecule with one or more H + ions attached to an anion. Acids

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 28 If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro– and the suffix –ic attached to the root name for the element. Examples: HClHydrochloric acid HCNHydrocyanic acid H 2 SHydrosulfuric acid Rules for Naming Acids

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 29 Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 30 If the anion contains oxygen:  The suffix –ic is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ate. Examples: HNO 3 Nitric acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Acetic acid Rules for Naming Acids

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 31 If the anion contains oxygen:  The suffix –ous is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ite. Examples: HNO 2 Nitrous acid H 2 SO 3 Sulfurous acid HClO 2 Chlorous acid Rules for Naming Acids

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 32 Some Oxygen-Containing Acids

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 33 Flowchart for Naming Acids

Section 5.6 Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 34 Exercise Which of the following compounds is named incorrectly? a) KNO 3 potassium nitrate b) TiO 2 titanium(II) oxide c) Sn(OH) 4 tin(IV) hydroxide d) PBr 5 phosphorus pentabromide e) H 2 SO 3 sulfurous acid

Section 5.7 Writing Formulas from Names Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 35 Sodium hydroxide  NaOH Potassium carbonate  K 2 CO 3 Sulfuric acid  H 2 SO 4 Dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5N2O5 Cobalt(III) nitrate  Co(NO 3 ) 3 Examples

Section 5.7 Writing Formulas from Names Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 36 Exercise A compound has the formula XCl 3 where X could represent a metal or nonmetal. What could the name of this compound be? a)phosphorus trichloride b)carbon monochloride c)tin(IV) chloride d)magnesium chloride

Section 5.7 Writing Formulas from Names Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 37 Chapter 5 Homework Homework Reading assignment –Pages 115 through 135 Homework Problems –Questions and problems 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 43, 45, 47, 49. Due on