UNIT B Ionic and Covalent naming of compounds

A few things to know The periodic table organizes the elements by vertical columns (___________) and horizontal rows (______________). The elements are arranged depending on the chemical and physical properties of elements in repeated patterns and increasing atomic masses. Element symbol: The first letter is always in upper case and the second letter (if present) is always lower case. Ex: Sodium (Na), Nitrogen (N)

P ERIODIC TABLE

IV.2 NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS METALS: Found on left side in periodic table Form _________ ions Cation: an ion with a positive charge NON-METALS : Found on right side in periodic table form __________ ions (H is an exception) Anion: an ion with a negative charge

NAMING MONATOMIC METAL IONS Simply use the name of the metal and add the word “ion” Element Name Ion Name Sodium Metal(Na) Aluminum (Al) Write the names of the following ions: a) Cu + b) Ag +

NAMING MONATOMIC METAL IONS If a metal has more than one possible charge, the charge has to be indicated by a Roman numeral, in parenthesis, immediately following the name. Ex: Fe +3 Fe +2 Roman numerals are: I 1 V 5 IX 9 II 2 VI 6 X 10 III 3 VII 7 IV 4 VIII 8

NAMING MONATOMIC METAL IONS Write the formula of the following ions to show their charges: Uranium (VI) ion = __________ Iron (II) ion = __________ Nickel (II) ion = __________

NAMING MONATOMIC NON-METAL IONS Take off the original ending and add an “ide” ending. Element Name Ion Name Florine (F)  Sulphur (S)  Write the names of the following ions: a) Br - = __________________________ b) Cl - = __________________________ c) I - = __________________________ d) O -2 = __________________________ e) N -3 = __________________________

Naming Polyatomic Ions: The names do NOTTTTTTTTTTT CHANGE. Use it exactly as you find it in your data booklet As simple as that THE ENDDDDDD

How to write the formula and how to write the name of Ionic Compounds

H OW TO WRITE THE FORMULA OF IONIC COMPOUNDS An ionic compound A compound made up of ions ( usually a metal + non-metal ) The ions have charges but the compound is a neutral molecule. remember in ionic compounds, one ion loses and one ion gains electrons). The chemical name of an ionic compound always gives the positive ion (cation) first and the negative ion (anion) second. Ex: NaCl is Sodium Chloride

3 SIMPLE RULES

W RITING FORMULA OF I ONIC COMPOUNDS

M ORE EXAMPLES Potassium oxide: Iron (II) sulphate: Tin (IV) oxide: Calcium phosphide We do not change the endings of polyatomic ions because they already have special endings that end in “ate” or “ite”

How to Write the Name of an IONIC COMPOUND Check your periodic table to see if the positive ion has more than one ion charge.

How to Write the Name of an IONIC COMPOUND A) If the first ion has only one possible ion charge: ZnCl 2 MgO Ag 2 SO 4

B) If the first ion has more than one possible charge: “De-swap and de-drop” the subscripts (to find out the real charge) check the charge on negative ion (if it is not as what it should be, you probably need to double or triple it) write the charge of the positive ion with roman numerals Write the charge of the negative ion with “ide”

T RY THESE ON YOUR OWN FeS Fe 2 (HPO 4 ) 3

P RACTICE T IME !

LESSON 2 How to write the formula and how to write the name of Covalent Compounds

Naming COVALENT COMPOUNDS Using the Prefix-Naming System Remember covalent compounds SHARE their electrons ( usually two non-metals together). Binary Compound : a compound made of two different types of atoms (usually two non-metals) SO 2, Na 2 S, NaCl Tertiary Compound : a compound made of three different types of atoms. H 2 SO 4 KOH KMnO 4

Naming COVALENT COMPOUNDS Using the Prefix-Naming System We use the prefix-naming system 1- Each compound name is made of words, each with a suitable prefix

Naming COVALENT COMPOUNDS Using the Prefix-Naming System Prefix-system naming continued First word is the name of element with a prefix to indicate the # of atoms Second word is the name of the element with an “ide” ending and a prefix to indicate the # of atoms P 2 S 3 = di phosphorus tri sulphide Exception: if there is only ONE atom of the first element, don’t use the prefix mono. Ex: CO 2 =

T RY ON YOUR OWN Examples: P 2 S 3 = CO = BrCl 3 = S 2 Cl 2 =

PREFIX NAMING SYSTEM Basically used when you have two different Non- Metals. Non-metals are usually found on the right side of the periodic table. Remember the prefixes.

W RITING FORMULAS FOR COVALENT COMPOUNDS Steps: Write down the symbol for each element Use the prefix to determine the number of atoms of each element. Example: dinitrogen tetroxide carbon dioxide Do NOT reduce !

S UMMARY Naming First identify if it is ionic or covalent Ionic compounds Metal and non-metal Positive ion first then negative ion Use roman numerals to indicate the ions with more than one possible charge For the negative ions(non-metals) change the ending to ide. Covalent compounds Non-metal and non-metal For both, we use the prefix-naming system (mono, di, tri, tetra, etc) First one, you just write the element’s original name with prefix You change the second element’s name to “ide” with prefix.

S UMMARY Writing Formulas First identify if it is ionic or covalent Ionic compounds Write formula for positive ion first then negative ion Swap and drop charges as subscripts Reduce if you need to. Covalent compounds Write down the symbol for each element Use the prefix to determine the number of atoms of each element. Do NOT reduce !

P RACTICE TIME !