Section 2.4 Ionic Compounds. Ionic Compounds In this section… a.Monatomic and Polyatomic ions b.Ionic compound formulas c.Naming ionic compounds d.Covalent.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 2.4 Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compounds In this section… a.Monatomic and Polyatomic ions b.Ionic compound formulas c.Naming ionic compounds d.Covalent vs. Ionic compounds

Formation of Ions Cations: Positive ions form by loss of electrons.

Formation of Ions Anions: Negative ions form by gain of electrons.

Names of Monatomic Ions monatomic cations: element name + “ion” monatomic anions: element name with “ide” suffix + “ion”

Common Monatomic Ions

Naming Transition Metal Cations The name of a transition metal cation is the element name followed by the cation charge in Roman numerals within parentheses and the word ion. Cr 2+ Co 3+

Polyatomic Ions Groups of bonded atoms with a charge Ammonium ion: NH 4 + Carbonate ion: CO 3 2-

Table 2.4.1: Polyatomic Ions

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Rule: Total charge on cations = Total charge on anions So, ions combine in numbers so charges cancel. Mg 2+ and Cl - Mg 2+ and N 3- Mg 2+ and O 2- Na + and O 2-

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Rule: Total charge on cations = Total charge on anions When multiple polyatomic ions are present, they are in parentheses. Mg 2+ and PO 4 3- Parentheses are not used with a single polyatomic ion: Mg 2+ and SO 4 2-

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds are extended structures: No molecules, so no “molecular formula.”

Naming Ionic Compounds Ionic compound name = cation name + anion name The word “ion” is dropped from the ion names. The name does NOT reflect the number of ions. NaCl MgCl 2 Na 2 SO 4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4

Naming Ionic Compounds Transition metals with variable charges? The name of a transition metal cation is the element name followed by the cation charge in Roman numerals within parentheses and the word ion. CrCl 2 CoPO 4

Identifying Covalent vs. Ionic Compounds Metals + nonmetals Metals + polyatomic anions Two polyatomic ions Two nonmetals, but no polyatomic ions Ionic Compounds: Covalent Compounds: