Evolution of Educational Technology The Ages of Technology Dana Siau EDUC 7100-2 Evolution of Educational Technology Time Line Assignment

Toffler’s Three Waves Timeline 8000 B.C. – Agricultural Age 1700 – Clash of the Agricultural Age & Industrial Age 1800 – Industrial Age 1955- Shift from the Industrial Age to the Information Age 1990-Class of the Information Age & Communication Age

Agricultural Age Characterized by… The extended family Horse and Buggy as means of transportation Farming as main source of food and income Homeschooling geared towards family roles (child rearing, family business, etc.)

Industrial Age Characterized by… The transition to the nuclear family Specialization in factories Mass production of products via assembly lines Railroads, cars, and planes as means of transportation Renewable energy sources Introduction of markets for trade of products Mass schooling becomes grouped by age and gender

Information Age Characterized by… Non-renewable energy sources Large corporations cyberspace communications (cell phones, computers, etc.) One-parent & Two working parents household Digital natives in education Demassification of production

Communication Age Characterized by… Collaboration among professionals Web 2.0 tools Increased usage of the internet to collaborate in the work place, school, and home

1900-1910 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education Alexander F. Victor invents the Animatograph link 1907-Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere. link The world’s first billion dollar corporation-U.S. Steel is established link Henry Ford mass manufactures model T Fords link Montessori establishes first Children’s House link Visual education movement begins in schools Nature of Society & Culture Communication Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner link The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane link 1902 first radio signal transmitted across the Atlantic Ocean link The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission link

1910-1920 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education 1912 Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras. Link The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite. link Child Labor Act passed, setting a national minimum age of 14 in industries producing nonagricultural goods for interstate commerce or for export link Farm Loan Act passed, providing for the establishment of federal land banks under Treasury Department supervision. link The Beginning of the competency and performance-based education link Educational film companies begin to establish themselves link Nature of Society & Culture Communication World War I begins and ends link Mary Phelp Jacobs invents the bra. link Radio tuners invented, that received different stations. link Short-wave radio invented. link

1920-1930 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin. link JWA Morrison invents the first quartz crystal watch. link 1926 Goodyear becomes the world’s largest rubber and tire company link Ford Motor Company introduces the Model A link The theory of Behaviorism begins to wane link Thorndike’s theory of connectionism link Nature of Society & Culture Communication The first 3-D Movie is invented link 1920 Woman are given the right to vote link Paul Galvin invents the first car radio link 1927 NBC starts two radio networks (CBS & Warner Bros.) link

1930-1940 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education 1932- Polaroid Photography invented by Edwin Herbert Land link 1937-Alan Turing builds the first digital computer link Goodyear develops the first hydraulic brakes for airplane link Ford built first V-8 car link Classical conditioning is popularized over reinforcement link ETRI Films was one of the largest producers of educational films link Nature of Society & Culture Communication Great Depression hits America link Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes president link 1938-Ballpoint Pen invented link First regular television program transmitted FM radio invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong link

1940-1950 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education 1942-John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built the first electronic digital computer. link 1948-transistor radio invented link 1944 International Monetary Fund established link Coca-Cola becomes the most noticeable company brand of soda in the world link Decline of the Visual Instruction Movement to be replaced by audiovisual communications Theorists like Hull popularize stimulus response conditioning link Computer-assisted instruction is starting to be use din education link Nature of Society & Culture Communication 1942-Penicillin manufactured link Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system. Link Baby Boomer’s generation begins link 1949 Network television starts in the U.S. link 1947- Mobile phones first invented link

1950-1960 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education Bell Laboratories builds the first speech-recognition machine that recognizes voice The first commercial computer is built by Eckert and Mauchly link 1951-Goodyear makes worlds first commercial passenger conveyer belt for Hudson & Manhattan Railroad company link The Diner’s Club Issues the first credit card link The beginning of the programmed instruction movement and teaching machines link 1954 Racial integration in U.S. schools begins link Nature of Society & Culture Communication 1953 Watson and Crick unravel the structure of DNA link 1957 Dr. Arthur Kornberg learns how DNA reproduces itself link Computers are sold in stores commercially. link Color Television has it’s first successful broadcast link

1960-1970 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education 1964-Word processor invented link 1962-The audio cassette is invented link 1964 Goodyear memory belt introduced link Wal-mart opens its first discount store link Keller Plan link Bloom’s Taxonomy introduced link Decline of programmed instruction link Nature of Society & Culture Communication 1969-the artificial heart is invented link 1964-Civil Rights Act becomes law link First person lands on the moon link U.S. postal service at it’s highest peak of communication & zip codes are invented link Bell System adopts the use of "911" as a nationwide emergency telephone number. Link

1970-1980 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education 1972-Invetntion of the word processor link 1971-Invention of the floppy disk link Amtrak train station created link Shell becomes one of the top three selling oil companies in the world link Gagne and Briggs propose behavioral objectives to guide instruction link Decline of Individualized Instruction link Cognitive Psychology begins replacing behaviorism link Nature of Society & Culture Communication First Books on Tape made link Genetic Engineering link Apple I home computer invented link First cellular phone network started in Japan. link

1980-1990 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education Compact discs (CD) and CD-ROM invented link Sony comes out with first camcorder link 1983 Microsoft developed the Windows operating system link 1987 Microsoft Version 2.0 was developed link IBM introduces its version of the personal computer link Computers models such as IBM & Apple enter schools Nature of Society & Culture Communication 1988-Genetic fingerprinting link 1984- “eye printing,” a method using the image of the retina to identify people, was invented 1918 first laptop computer sold to public link 1983- first cellular phone network started in the U.s. link

1990-2000 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education 1990-Jeff Hawkins invents the Gridpad, a machine with no keyboard, but has a writing pad that recognizes characters, functions, and shapes link Apple releases its first Power Macintosh desktop computers link Commercialism Begins link Wal-mart becomes the nations No. 1 Retailer link 1998-Google Company Started link The development of the internet changes the ways in which students access information in the public school. Information is now instant and available at any moment. E-learning courses are developed changing the way students learn. Nature of Society & Culture Communication 1994-Whiteboards replace the Blackboards in US classrooms link 1991-The SMART Board is introduced by SMART technologies link 1994 American government releases control of internet and WWW is born - making communication at lightspeed. Link 1996 Congress passes the 1996 Telecommunications Act. link

2000-2010 Technological Innovations Business/Corporate Education 2000 – Apple introduces the PowerBook G3 link 2001-Apple introduces portable music digital player called the ipod link 2003 Toyota unveils it’s first hybrid car link 2008 Bank of America bought Merrill Lynch who was in financial trouble link No Child Left Behind Act is approved and signed into law link North American Council for Online Learning, a non-profit organization dedicated to enhancing K-12 online education, is "launched as a formal corporate entity. link Nature of Society & Culture Communication 2008 - Barack Obama is elected as the 44th president of the United States of American making him the nations first African-American President link Birth control patch invented by Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical. link Phone tooth invented by James Auger and Jimmy Loizeau. link Youtube, online video sharing community, was invented in 2005 by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim. link

References Bellis, M. (n.d.). 20th century timeline. Retrieved August 3, 2010 from http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/twentieth_2.htm Dede, C. (2010). The Next Wave, Part 2. Laureate Education, Inc. Giscard d’Estain, Valerie-Anne & Young, Mark. (1993). Inventions and discoveries 1993: New York, New York: Facts On File, Inc. Saettler, P. (2004). The evolution of american educational technology. Greenwich, Ct: Information Age Publishing. Taylor, Ron. (1991). Journey through inventions. New York, NY: Smithmark Publishers Inc. Thornburg, D. (2010). The Next Wave, Part 1, Laureate Education, Inc. Toffler, Alvin. (1980). The Third Wave. New York, New York: Bantam.