Chapter 14- Lesson 1 Lesson2 Lesson3 The Skeletal System Chapter 14- Lesson 1 Lesson2 Lesson3

How the Skeletal System Works 206 Bones Smallest=Inner ear (.25 cm) Largest=Femur (550-1700 pounds of pressure) Fingers, toes, and ribs are the easiest to break

Bones and their Structure Compact Bone-outer layer, protective Spongy Bone-less dense filled with red bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced. Yellow Marrow-stores fat

Functions of the Skeletal System Providing support for the body. Protecting internal organs and tissues. Producing new red and white blood cells. Storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus.

Connective Tissue 3 Types Cartilage-strong, flexible connective tissue that can act as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction. Ligament-a band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another. Tendon-a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.

Caring for the Skeletal System A healthy diet, exercise, protective gear, and regular checkups are ways to care for your skeletal system.

Understanding Skeletal Problems Scoliosis-a lateral or side to side curvature of the spine.

Fractures-any type of break in the bone Hairline fractures-parts of the bone do not separate. Transverse fractures-fracture is completely across the bone. Comminuted fractures-when the bone shatters into more than two pieces.

Injuries to Joints Dislocation-when a bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint. Torn Cartilage-results from a sharp blow to a joint or a severe twisting of a joint. Bursitis-results from the painful inflammation of bursa, a fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction in joints. Bunions-painful swellings of the bursae in the first joints of the big toes. Arthritis-inflammation of a joint, resulting from an injury, natural wear and tear, or autoimmune disease

Osteoporosis A condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue. You must consume Vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium to maintain bone health. Weight bearing activities decrease the risk of osteoporosis.

The Muscular System Muscles are like rubber bands, they allow movement to the organs or bones they are attached. Voluntary and involuntary muscles.

Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles Diaphragm Small and large intestine Heart Voluntary Running to first base Walking Catching a ball

Types of Muscle Smooth Muscles Skeletal Muscles Cardiac Muscles

Caring for Your Muscles Get regular exercise. Eat high protein foods to build muscle. Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles. Warm up properly before exercising and cool down after exercising.

Understanding Muscular Problems Bruises-areas of discolored skin that appear after an injury, blood vessels rupture underneath the skin. Muscle strains or sprain-muscles are stretched or partially torn from overexertion. Tendinitis-inflammation of a tendon, can be the consequence of injury, overuse, or natural aging. Hernia-occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle. Muscular dystrophy-an inherited disorder in which skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed.

The Nervous System The nervous system coordinates all of the activities in the body.

Two Main Divisions The Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Gathers information from inside and outside of your body.

The CNS receives messages from the PNS, interprets them, and sends out a response.

Understanding Neurons Neurons or nerve cells transmit messages to and from the spinal cord and brain.