SAMPLE SLIDES OF THE 2-DAY SEMINAR FOR ENGINEERS As you will notice there are few words on these slides, your trainer will provide you with his experience which will make these images come alive providing you with the opportunity to reflect and ask questions, the more the better. All of the presentation slides are available in a binder supplied with the seminar.

PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS

A BRIEF HISTORY OF PUMPS

A BRIEF HISTORY France 1600’S

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE VS. FLUID COLUMN HEIGHT The weight of a fluid column is: Pressure (p) is equal to the weight of the fluid (F) divided by the surface area (A) at the bottom of the fluid column:

PRESSURE VS. THE SHAPE OF CONTAINERS

OPEN SYSTEMS AND ENTHALPY Conservation of energy demands that:

The specific energy or head balance is The energy balance is: Subsituting other expressions for head terms: PUMP TOTAL HEAD

THE CONTROL VOLUME APPLIED TO A REAL SYSTEM

PRESSURE HEAD ANYWHERE ON THE SUCTION SIDE OF THE PUMP 0

What is vapor pressure ? DEFINITION: NPSH is the head at the pump suction minus the vapor pressure head NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AVAILABLE (N.P.S.H.)

N.P.S.H. REQUIRED

HOW IS THE N.P.S.H. REQUIRED LEVEL DETERMINED?

SPECIFIC SPEED Example

NPSH REQUIRED CURVES

OPTIMAL SELECTION OF THE IMPELLER DIAMETER AND PUMP

SYSTEM CURVE

Why increase the impeller diameter when the flow must be increased?

MEASURING TOTAL HEAD

SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON MOTOR EFFICIENCIES DATA BASE - MotoMaster Department of Energy USA (DOE)

1. Replace a standard motor with a high efficiency motor Replace a standard efficiency motor with one that meets or surpasses the NEMA Premium standard Typically 1.5 to 5% and as much as 8% When the motors are defective or at the end of their useful life or when a motor must be replaced to accommodate a VFD. Opportunities in electrical energy reduction Possible decrease in electrical consumption 1 Winning conditions Opportunities with higher return

High efficiency motors

2. Install a variable frequency drive (VFD) A VFD can adjust the speed of a motor in response to a variable demand avoiding the throttling of control valves or the opening of recirculation control valves and the energy losses incurred. Typically 12 to 15% and as much as 27% Ideal solution when the flow varies between 40 and 60% Opportunities in electrical energy reduction Possible decrease in electrical consumption 1 Winning conditions Opportunities with higher return

6 PUMP SYSTEMS

Pumps in parallel - Instability

Minimum submergence of the pump inlet

The effect of air (or gas) entrainment in the pump suction

VARIOUS ITEMS Quick guide Viscosity ASME max. pressure allowable

DYNAMIC VISCOSITY

THE EFFECT OF VISCOSITY ON PUMP PERFORMANCE