2012 U.S. History End of Course Test Review Domain 3: Industrialization, Reform and Imperialism

Railroads Helped growth, expansion west Easier access West  East Transcontinental Railroad: Started: 1862, Completed: 1869 Built by Irish, Chinese immigrants Dangerous conditions Suffered racism, abuse

Big Business “Robber Barons” Got rich developing industries John Rockefeller: Founded Standard Oil Largest trust in America; controlled oil industry Key figure in industrial revolution

Biznass Trust: Business formed to monopolize a market (eliminate competition) Monopoly: Company has complete control of market (no competition), can manipulate price of goods

Thomas Edison Phonograph (Sound recorder) Motion-picture camera (movies) Electric light bulb Do things after dark in factories, offices, homes Inventions encouraged growth of industry

Native Americans, The West Natives forced off lands by Americans settling the West Wounded Knee: Last big armed conflict between troops, Natives Sitting Bull: Led Natives at Wounded Knee U.S. soldiers kill 300 (mostly) unarmed Native men, women, kids

Immigration 1850-1900: Immigration boom Seek better life, flee hardships, persecution Industrialization led to immigration (Need cheap labor) Ellis Island: Reception center in NYC Immigrants likely to be poor, settle in tenements, slums, work factory jobs Origin– Pre-Civil War: Western Europe; Post-War: Eastern, Southern Europe 7

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Nativism (Opposing immigration) Response to large number of Chinese working (cheaply) in West Banned immigration of new Chinese to U.S.

Labor Unions Organizations of workers formed to protect members’ interests American Federation of Labor Led by Samuel Gompers Wages, hours, conditions

Pullman Strike (1894) Pullman Streetcar lays off workers Union strikes Company closes plant Boycott of Pullman Rail traffic stops-- no mail delivery President sends troops to end strike Gov’t intervenes for Big Business

American Imperialism U.S. begins to flex muscles in world, especially Central, South America More economic markets for U.S. Maintain national security Maintain national pride Late 1800s: U.S. begins to acquire colonies around world Isolationism: Do not expand

Spanish-American War (1898) Started by explosion of U.S.S. Maine Yellow Journalism: Sensationalizes situation, blames Spain USA gets Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines Cuba granted ‘independence’ Platt Amendment: U.S. gets right to intervene in Cuba

Panama Canal T. Roosevelt wanted canal for U.S. ships Military, Economic To connect Atlantic, Pacific Oceans to avoid trip around South America U.S. helps Panama win independence from Columbia Gets land for canal Returned to Panama

T. Roosevelt Corollary (1904) Addition to Monroe Doctrine Monroe: No European influence in the Americas Roosevelt: U.S. has right to intervene if nation has trouble paying its debts

Progressive Era Reform movement In government, business, society Response to: Concentrated wealth Harsh work, living conditions Gov’t corruption Called for: Regulation of business, protect workers and consumers, conserve natural resources, morality laws

Hull House Opened by Jane Addams “Settlement House” in Chicago Settlement houses built in most major cities Provided education, health care and services to the poor Especially women, immigrants

Conservation Movement Led by Theodore Roosevelt to preserve more than 150 million acres Created National Park System to protect land from development

Muckrakers Writers exposed problems in politics, business, society Ida Tarbell: Wrote History of Standard Oil (1904) Exposed corruption of Rockefeller's monopoly (Big Business in general) Upton Sinclair: Wrote The Jungle (1906) Exposed unsanitary, meatpacking conditions Led to Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act

Jim Crow Laws Required segregation of races Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Upheld Jim Crow “Separate but equal” Made segregation legal in the U.S.

W.E.B. Du Bois Pro-integration Blacks must be politically, legally, socially active to achieve equality 1909: Founded National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Combat discrimination Booker T. Washington: Pro-separation; Racism will end when blacks acquire useful labor skills

Labor Laws Come after outcry over living, working conditions Minimum age laws Restricting work hours Requiring safer work conditions Triangle Factory Fire (Locked doors)

Political Reforms Direct election of Senators: Citizens elect U.S. Senators (not state legislatures) Initiative: Citizen places issue on voting ballot Recall: Hold vote to remove office holders Referendum: Voters vote on proposed laws

Progressive Amendments 16th: Congress power to collect income taxes 17th: Direct election of senators 18th: Prohibition of alcohol 19th: Women’s suffrage

Stations Directions: using your “EOCT In-Class Review” packet, visit each of the following stations… Unit 1 Review – Colonization to Constitution Unit 2 Review – New Republic to Reconstruction Unit 3 – Industrialization, Reform and Imperialism Unit 4 – Establishment as a World Power Unit 5 – Modern Era Spending 15 MINUTES at each station, Use the handout to fill out your notes As a group, answer the five reflection questions Grade *Completed packet (50 pts)