Viruses (18.2) SB3D. Compare & contrast viruses with living organisms.

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SB3.d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

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Viruses (18.2) SB3D. Compare & contrast viruses with living organisms. State Standard SB3D. Compare & contrast viruses with living organisms.

Why aren’t they considered to be living? Viruses—An Exception A virus is a nucleic acid (__________) surrounded by a protein coat (__________). Why aren’t they considered to be living? Viruses are _______________, nor are they made of cells. Viruses __________________ without a __________ cell. Viruses __________ the machinery needed to carry out the functions of life. Because viruses are __________, they usually are not placed in the biological classification system.

More virus traits… the core can be made of _____ or _____ (but never both!) very __________ NOT __________ Can reproduce by __________ living cells. The capsid helps the virus __________ to the host cell.

E. Coli and the Bacteriophage What it looks like in real life

There are two types of viral infection cycles: __________ (Active) __________ (Dormant)

Lytic (active) Infection Virus __________ the host cell. Virus makes __________ of itself. The new copies cause the cell to __________.

The Lytic Cycle

Lysogenic (dormant) Infection A virus __________ its DNA into the DNA of the host cell. The virus’s __________ is __________ (copied) along with the host cell’s DNA. The cell does NOT __________ immediately. Certain conditions can cause the __________ virus to __________ to an active lytic cycle.

The Lysogenic Cycle

Viruses often cause observable __________ Antibiotics are __________ against viruses, because viruses are not __________ Ex. AIDS, Smallpox, Polio, Measles, the Common Cold

Vaccines Since viruses can’t be cured, our only defense against them is __________ We accomplish this through the use of __________ Vaccines contain a __________ or __________ form of the virus that is __________ into the body.

Retrovirus Changes DNA into __________ Mutates quickly And example of a Retrovirus is __________