Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules The guideline is an application aid to everyone involved in the planning, performance or evaluation of ambient air quality measurements. The guideline can be used by clients and contractors alike as a reference, for example, for formulating requirement and performance specifications for the investigation of air quality.

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules When applying the guideline and carrying out the measurement-planning tasks, basic knowledge in the following fields is useful: -assessment of air pollution and its effects -chemistry of air -measurement techniques in the field of trace analysis -meteorology -statistics -quality assurance

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Content of the task description A specific task description is required in order to plan the measurements. For the purposes of the guideline, the task is considered to be described with sufficient clarity if it allows stipulations to be made concerning the following points: -air pollutants to be investigated, -assessment standards to be applied, -measurement techniques, including sampling, -measurement area and density of measuring sites or measurement locations, -duration of an individual measurement, frequency and period of measurement, -quality assurance, -evaluation and report. If necessary, these points shall be discussed with the client to define further details.

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Ambient air quality measurements in accordance with EU directives Investigation of the initial load Investigation of traffic-related air pollution in residential areas Investigations of air pollution to verify whether harmful effects on objects to be protected are anticipated Investigation of the temporal distribution of air quality characteristics at stipulated measurement locations Investigation of the spatial distribution of air quality characteristics in urban areas Investigation of the spatial distribution of air quality characteristics in areas remote from the source Investigation of air quality characteristics in cases of complaints Investigation of the proportions from a significant source in the spatial distribution of air quality characteristics within a given area

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Problem analysis 1.1Content of the task description 1.2Analysis of background information 1.3Assessment of the results of the measurements 1.4Measurement parameters, measurement area and measurement period 1.5Requirements on the results

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Organization 2.1Project management 2.2Personnel planning 2.3Scheduling 2.4Subcontracts

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Measurement techniques 3.1Time resolution of the measurements 3.2Performance characteristics 3.3Standardization of the measuring procedure 3.4Infrastructure for using measurement techniques 3.5Data recording and documentation of the measurements

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Measurement strategy 4.1Measurement locations 4.2Measurement times 4.3Sampling period 4.4Duration of the measurement program 4.5Supplementary measurements

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Evaluation 5.1Producing measured values 5.2Evaluation algorithms 5.3Measurement uncertainty 5.4Uncertainty of the result Quality assurance Reports

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules The guideline is based on a catalogue of questions which have to be answered in the corresponding sections of measurement plans. The catalogue of questions can be used as a basis for the set up and structure of measurement plans.

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Problem analysis What objective is to be achieved? What background knowledge of the problem is available? How are the results of the measurements to be assessed? Which measurands are to be considered in which measurement area and during which measurement period? What requirements are placed on the results?

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Organization Who is the project leader and who is his/her deputy? What personnel (qualification) will be assigned to which tasks in the course of the project? What is the schedule for the project performance? What quality assurance measures are planned for subcontracts in the course of the project?

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Measurement techniques Will the required temporal resolution be achieved with the measurement procedure? Are the performance characteristics met with regard to the task description? Is a standardized measurement procedure required for the measurement task? Can the infrastructure for the measurements be provided? How will the measurement data be recorded and documented?

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Measurement strategy How will the measurement locations be spatially distributed? How will the measuring times be distributed? Which sampling periods will be applied to which air pollutants? What is the duration of the measurement program? Will supplementary measurements be required?

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Evaluation  How will the measured values be determined?  What evaluation algorithms will be used?  How will measured values below the detection limit be treated?  How will measurement gaps be treated?  How will outliers be treated?  How will the measurement uncertainty be determined?  How will the uncertainty of the result be determined?

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements General rules Quality assurance What QA measures will be carried out? Reports What measurement reports will be prepared and how will these be structured?

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements Rules for planning traffic related air pollutants Necessary informations:  Road geometry  Height and density of building  Building use  Traffic frequency and composition  Prevailing wind direction  Background pollution

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements Rules for planning traffic related air pollutants Characterization of the traffic sources Average daily traffic density (DTV) Daily and weekly traffic profile Average traffic velocity Jam content Fleet composition Destination/origin traffic, cold-start content

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements Rules for planning traffic related air pollutants Characterization of the traffic sources Number of motorized two-wheel vehicles Number of buses (Diesel, Gas) Differentiation between heavy and light trucks Effect of traffic lights and pedestrian crossings

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements Rules for planning traffic related air pollutants Characterization of local conditions  Road or road section, intersection and square  Width of the road, the individual carriageways, the central reservation and sidewalks  Gradient of the road or road section  Geometry of building development (e.g. height of buildings, closed or open building development, overhead development, gaps in buildings, etc.)  Crossroads, junctions

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements Rules for planning traffic related air pollutants Meteorological conditions  Wind direction, wind velocity at neighbouring measurement stations (possible frequency distribution)  Wind direction, wind velocity over roof top (optional)  Orientation of the road to the prevailing wind direction; position of the measuring site in the crossing area (impinging flow in the case of prevailing wind direction)

Bernd Heits AQ-Workshop Bucharest, July 2008 Planning of ambient air quality measurements Rules for planning traffic related air pollutants Pollution situation Measurement results from neighbouring long-term measurement stations (with low traffic pollution)