MAJOR DIVISIONS OF KINGDOM PLANTAE

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS Lack mobility Cells are eukaryotic Numerous organelles Cell walls contain cellulose Photosynthetic CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 Vascular plants: Have both xylem & phloem tissue Used to transport dissolved materials throughout the plant Non-Vascular Plants Do not have xylem & phloem

BRYOPHYTES:MOSSES & FERNS Mosses are non-vascular Transportation of water & nutrients occurs through elongated cells Sporophyte & gametophyte generations occur in the same plant Only gametophyte plants are photosynthetic Haploid spores are produced by meiosis in the sporoangium Spore germinates and grows by mitosis into a protonema Protonema grows into a gametophyte plant with sex organs Sperm transfer occurs in moist conditions only A zygote develops into a sporophyte

Ferns have a vascular system Ferns do not produce seeds or flowers Gametophyte plant (prothallus) has rhizoids instead of roots. Sperm produced in the archeogonia Eggs produced in the antheridia Sperm transfer in moist conditions only Prothallus withers sporophyte plant matures Frond (leaf) is the familiar part of the plant Sori on underside of leaf produces haploid spores

LIFE CYCLE OF FERN

GYMNOSPERMS Cone bearing plants & most have needle like leaves “naked seeds” in cones (pine cones) male cones produce pollen female cones produce eggs Pollen gets trapped by sticky sap produced by female cones Fertilization takes place, embryo develops Ovule contains the embryo Mature “seeds” then fall out of female cone

ANGIOSPERMS Flowering plants: male part (anther) produces pollen female part (ovule) produces egg Pollination aided by wind, water, insects, birds, bats Pollen gets trapped in the female stigma & a pollen tube grows towards the ovule. Pollen reaches the egg forms the zygote Zygote develops into embryo, which remains in the ripened ovule now called a seed Seeds develop inside fruit