Financing and planning of resources in the best interest of the child in the child care system Zhumazhan Zhukenov Chairperson of the Child Rights Protection Committee Ministry of Education and Science Republic of Kazakhstan

Child Protection It is a complex system of measures in child protection with the focus on children in difficult life situation. The effectiveness of the child protection system depends on the key elements of the system: –Legal frameworks in compliance with international principles and best interests of the child; –State programmes on child protection, –State body responsible for coordination of state and non-state actors in child protection; –Authorised services providing professional prevention and rehabilitation services to children and their families –State and independent mechanisms to monitor the status of children and their rights

Financing child protection system: key issue In the crisis the financing of the child protection system to prevent child poverty and maintain social standards and key quality of life indicators is the most burning It is necessary to coordinate efforts in: –Increase of family resources –Provide quality health care –Inclusive education –Strengthen family and social linkages –Develop child protection services

Key mechanisms of child’s support Cash transfers Social services Annual expenditure in social sector represents 30 – 35% from total expenditure

Expenditure of consolidated budget in education (% from GDP) Budget forecast Consolidated Republican Local

Expenditure on Education Expenditure increased by 0,3% from GDP in comparison to 2007: republican budget – 26,9% from total expenditure in education; local budget – 73,1% from total expenditure in education

Expenditure in education and child development including children with special needs Total from central and local budgets bln. ($2,8 bln.) 376 bln. ($3,1 bln.) 441 bln. ($2,9 bln.) Republican Budget: Access for all and quality education 27 bln. ($226 mln.) 18 bln. ($150 mln.) 24 bln. ($156 mln.) Local Budgets: pre-schools education, secondary schools, boarding schools, extra-curriculum education, psychological health services, rehabilitation, socialisation, institutions for children deprived of parental care, foster care, etc. 310 bln. ($2,6 bln.) 358 bln. ($3 bln.) 417 bln. ($2.8 bln.)

Expenditure of consolidated budget in health (% from GDP) (forecast) Consolidated budget Central Budget Local budget

Expenditure of state budget on health Provision of high quality health care to children and women Provision of guaranteed basic benefit package of medical services Procurement of vaccines, immune biological and other medical supply bln. tenge ($84 mln) 20088,7 bln tenge ($72 mln) bln tenge ($53 mln) Total:26,7 bln tenge ($209 mln)

Expenditure in health The funding of targeted MCH areas has grown in 2,5 times during the last three years. Expenditure on MCH in the current year will represent 285,1 bln. tenge (about $US 2 bln), including local budget – 224,9 bln. tenge (about $US 1,5 bln) and central budget – 60,2 bln tenge ($US 401 mln).

Expenditure from the consolidated budget on social protection (% from GDP) Budget (forecast) Consolidated Central Local

Social assistance and protection of children and families State child benefit (single pay with the child’s birth): –2009: 38,190 tenge ($255) Monthly state child benefit until 1 age; depending on the number of children in the family –2009: from 6,365 to 8,275 tenge ($42 - $55) Monthly state child benefit until 18 age from poor families –7,6 bln tenge ($50,000,000) to cover 750,2 thousand children ,7 bln tenge ($139 mln) ,6 bln tenge ($246 mln) ,9 bln tenge ($206 mln) Total:77,2 bln tenge ($591 mln) State programme expenditure to cover benefits:

Social assistance and social benefits to children and families Special state benefit to families with many children with more that 4 and more children –2008: 10,4 bln tenge ($87,000,000) Targeted social assistance to families with low income below poverty level (40% from living minimum) –In 2009 it is received by 147,9 thousand children in sum of 2,1 bln tenge ($ 14 mln) Monthly state benefit for children with special needs –Up to age 16: 14,616 tenge ($97); after age 16 depending on the invalidity group Social assistance to orphans, children deprived of parental care Social and medical rehabilitation of children with special needs

Child Care Expenditure: Central and Local budgets In ,821 mln. Tenge ($7,114,223) was spent on: –Social support to children from vulnerable families –Activities in «Children of Kazakhstan» Programme, focusing on child protection/ child care

Financing state child care system

Financing state care system at present Funding of state formal care institutions tenge/$US Allocated for institutions 3,718,890 thousand tenge ($29,538,443) 4,646,139 thousand tenge ($38,717,825) 5,306,316 thousand tenge ($ 44,145,724) Cost per child per year (average) 551,682 tenge ($4,382) 609,600 tenge ($5,080) 773,700 tenge ($6,437) Cost per child per month (average) 45,974 tenge ($365) 50,800 tenge ($423) 64,500 tenge ($537) Cost per child per day (average) 1,511 tenge ($12) 1,729 tenge ($14.4) 2,150 tenge ($17,9)

Financing child care system SOS children’s villages – In mln tenge is allocated ($ 250 thousand) Foster Care / Patronat – In ,8 bln tenge (over $13 mln) was spent

Child Care System Reform: priorities Prevention –unwanted pregnancies –child abandonment at maternity wards –family vulnerability Re-directing in-flow of children from institutions to alternative care, especially guardianship care –Benefits to guardians –Development of alternative care options –Staged transformation of institutions Preparation of graduates from institutions to independent life and integration into society Reinforcing guardianship and tutelage departments

Measures undertaken: reinforcing guardianship and tutelage departments 368 new specialists are introduced at rayon and city levels of education departments Source of funding: local budgets 262,9 mln. tenge ($1,7 mln).

Ensuring the best interests of the child: development of community-based services New Law on Special Social Services adopted: –Standards development and piloting of services for children with special needs in three regions and funded from the national budget –Regional transfers of 30,4 bln tenge ($202 mln), including , 7 bln tenge ($38 mln)

Development of community-based services Innovative services for children and families in difficult life situation –Family support center is created at the orphanage at the cost of the local budget in South Kazakhstan –Family and child support center is established in East Kazakhstan Cost per a center is estimated as $65 thousand annually each 211 hotlines are established and 162 child enquiry offices Toll free national child helpline 150 is being piloted

Ensuring the best interests of the child Creation of moral education and human development system: 184 pilot schools on ‘Self-cognition’ subject with 744 teachers involved implementation of training programmes for youth on hygiene, ethics, psychology of family life. Hope groups are opened at infant homes to prevent child abandonment by young mothers

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