An Overview CHENG Yu Ph.D. International School, Tongji University

The Nation National Day: October 1 Golden Week holiday

The Nation National Day: October 1 October 1,1949

The Nation National Flag: Five-star flag Red: red land, symbolizes revolution Five stars: the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

The Nation National Emblem Elements: Five-star flag Tian’anmen Rostrum A wheel gear : workers Ears of wheat: peasants

The Nation National Emblem Court Police

Lyrics: Tian Han, Music: Nie Er Arise, ye who refuse to be slave! Let us amount our flesh and blood toward our new Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril. The understanding roar of our people will be heard! Arise! Arise! Arise! We are many, but our hearts beat as one! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! March on! march on! on! March of the Volunteers The Nation National Anthem

Tian’anmen Forbidden City National Capital: Beijing Great Wall The Nation

Temple of Heaven Summer Palace Ming tombs National Capital: Beijing The Nation

Location and Boundary Geography

Location and Boundary Geography 9.6 million sq km More than 7000 islands, the largest one is Taiwan Island; the southernmost are Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha, Nansha and Zengmu Reef. Mount Qomolangma: the highest mountain in the world 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and 2 special administrative region.

Administrative Divisions Tree-tier system Nation 1)Provinces, Autonomous regions, municipalities 2)Cities 3)Township, towns

Topography: 4 steps staircase Geography Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Elevation : 4000 Northeast plain Elevation : 500~1000 Loess Plateau Elevation : 1000~2000 North China plain Middle-lower Yangtze plain Continental shelf Elevation : >- 200

Rivers and Lakes Geography Yangtze Rive 6300 km More than 1500 rivers Reserves of 680 million kw hydropower catchment area of exterior rivers: 64% of the land; of interior : 36% 24,800 natural lakes Man-made canals: Grand canal 1,801 km Yellow Rive 5464 km

Climate Geography Equatorial Tropical monsoon climate Subtropical monsoon climate Temperate monsoon climate Temperate Continental climate Mountain plateau climate Monsoon from Siberia & Mongolia Monsoon from Siberia & Mongolia

Population

Population One-child police From years ago and now

Population

Population density Natural Population density Per sq km Natural Population density Per sq km > <1 > <1

56 Ethnic Groups 55 minorities

Ethnic Groups 中国民族分布图 Ethnic Groups

Socialist transformation in 1958 State-owned economy Founded in 1949Reform and opening up in 1978 Collective economy Foreign economy Individual economy Social economy Private owned economy (weak) Foreign economy Bureaucrat capitalism economy Farmers and handicraftsman Left State-owned economy Protected Private owned economy Protected Individual economy Collective economy Purchased State-owned economy Sino-foreign economy Private owned economy Purchased Feudalism economy Confiscated Outward-oriented economy with coexistence of various economic composition Market economy Internal-oriented public-owned economy Planed economy Economic Development and Reform

Deng Xiaoping: Development is absolute principle