Mars: The Red Planet By Sarah Wolbach. What does Mars mean?  Roman god of war  Red color is associated with blood  Observed by Ancient Romans.

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Presentation transcript:

Mars: The Red Planet By Sarah Wolbach

What does Mars mean?  Roman god of war  Red color is associated with blood  Observed by Ancient Romans

Discovery of Mars  First observed by Egyptians – 1570 B.C.  Galileo Galilei was the first to view Mars through a telescope – 1610 A.D.

Distances  Fourth planet from the sun o 227,940,000 km away  Distance from the Earth: o Varies because of their orbits o Avg. 225 million km

Planet Measurements  Mass – 6.42 x km  Volume – 1.63 x km  Gravity – 3.71 m/s 2  Density – 3.93 g/cm 3 o Mars would sink in water because it is more dense than water.

Orbit and Rotation  687 Earth days to orbit the sun  24 hours and 40 min to rotate on its own axis

Mars’ Atmosphere  100 times thinner than Earth’s  95.3% Carbon Dioxide  2.7% Nitrogen  1.6% Argon .13% Oxygen .08% Carbon Monoxide

Temperature Range  Much colder than Earth  Temperatures average -60° to -125° C  Can reach 20° C in the summer

Composition/Appearance  Rocky, thick layer of oxidized iron dust and rocks  Crust – volcanic basalt rock  Solid Core – iron, nickel, sulfur  “The Red Planet”  High iron content  Dusty surface  Appears to be red from Earth

Moons PhobosDeimos asteroid-sized 9,377 km above Mars orbits twice a day discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall asteroid-sized 23,460 km above Mars takes hours to complete orbit discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall

Water  Much of the water escaped because of the thin atmosphere and less gravity  Water contained in ice caps at north/south poles  More water is frozen beneath the surface and covered by red dust

What would happen if a human traveled to Mars?  No oxygen  Low gravity; could float  High radiation from Sun because of the thin atmosphere  Very cold temperatures

Special Features  Tallest mountain in the solar system – Olympus Mons  Longest, deepest canyon in the solar system – Valles Marineris  Similar tilt and seasons as Earth  Dust storms  Winds over 125 mph  Storms can last for weeks

Bibliography  Lavender, Gemma, Mphys. "Can We Make Mars Our Home?" Astronomy For Kids. KidsKnowIt Network, n.d. Web. Dec  "Mars: Facts & Figures." Solar System Exploration: Planets: Mars: Overview. NASA, n.d. Web. Dec  "Phobos and Deimos." ESA - Space for Kids. European Space Agency, n.d. Web. Dec  Redd, Nola Taylor. "Water on Mars: Exploration & Evidence." Space.com. TechMedia Network, 26 Sept Web. Dec  Sharp, Tim. "Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather." Space.com. TechMedia Network, 3 Aug Web. Dec  Sharp, Tim. "What Is Mars Made Of?" Space.com. TechMedia Network, 3 Aug Web. Dec

Image Citations Gk-mars.htm&HIGHLIGHT=ares anniversary/ Earth.html aj?tkn=0253bdcc7a97423bb60863a3c1c65b77&eb=afryer