Respiratory System Health Mr. Gross

The Respiratory System The trillions of cells in the body require oxygen to carry out their vital function The brain can go less than 10 minutes without oxygen These cells also give off carbon dioxide, a waste product that the body must get rid of.

Responsibility The cardiovascular and respiratory systems share responsibility for supplying the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide The blood is the transporting fluid

Function of the respiratory system Conduct air from the external environment to the alveoli To purify, humidify and warm incoming air by the sinuses, mucus and hair

Breathing Process Rib muscles pull the chest up and out Diaphragm pulls down A low pressure is created Air rushes into the lungs YouTube - The Breathing process

Nose The only external part of the respiratory system which takes in air The air is warmed by a rich network of veins The sticky mucus produced moistens the air and traps incoming bacteria and other foreign debris

Nose cont. The cilia (hair like structures)create a current that moves contaminated mucus back toward the throat where it is swallowed and digested by the stomach When the temperature is cold these cilia become sluggish allowing mucus to accumulate in the nasal cavity and to dribble out through the nostrils explaining a runny nose

Sinuses Sinuses lighten the skull Resonance chambers for speech Produce mucus which drain into the nasal cavity Tear ducts also drain into the nasal cavity Sinusitis-an inflammation of the sinuses changes voice Sinusitis causes a vacuum leading to sinus headache located over the inflamed area

Mouth Air goes directly to the lungs

Pharynx Common passageway for food and air Contain the tonsils which help with the filtration system used to trap and remove bacteria and other forms of pathogens If the tonsils become inflamed it may cause an obstruction and the person has to breath through their mouth

Larynx The larynx is the voice box Air passes over the vocal folds causing a vibration allowing us to speak Routes air and food into the proper channels Houses the epiglottis the lid for the esophagus which closes off the food passage while we breath When food or water is swallowed the epiglottis closes off the larynx If anything other than air enters the larynx a cough reflex is triggered to expel the substance

Trachea A cm tube lined with cilia to propel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away form the lungs to the throat, where it can be swallowed or spat out Smoking inhibits or destroys the ciliated action Thus coughing is the only way of expelling debris

Primary Bronchii Branches of the trachea which serve the lungs

Bronchioles Branches of the bronchial tubes. The millions of tiny braches serve to supply air to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli

Alveoli Have very thin walls which contain a network of capillaries through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood

Pleura Provides a slippery surface in order to reduce the amount of friction between the lungs and any other structures they may touch within the chest cavity. YouTube - Respiration 3D Medical Animation YouTube - Respiration 3D Medical Animation

Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi Wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing Common in smokers and high area of polution Avoid smoke, dust, fumes and air pollutants Causes excessive mucus production Antibiotics

Asthma Involuntary contraction of smooth airway muscles leads to chest tightness, and breathing difficulty. Inflammation in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles causing a narrowing resulting in difficulty breathing Mucous lining swells and secretions build up Caused by exertion, emotion YouTube - Understanding Asthma

Sinusitis Inflammation of the sinuses Caused by dust, pollen ect.

Emphysema Disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli Breathing difficulty, chronic cough Tissue damage is permanent Caused by smoking

TB A contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs Immune system surrounds the infected area and isolates it. TB inactive for many years Immune system weakened by sickness or age infection becomes active Cough, fever, fatigue and weight loss Antibiotics and hospitalization

Pneumonia Inflammation of the lungs do to bacteria or virus Alveoli swell and become clogged with mucus decreasing the exchange of gases Cough, fever, chills, and chest pain Antibiotics