1 Wei Zhang, Wei-Guo Ma, Long-Fei Wang, Jun Zheng, Bulat A. Ziganshin, Paris Charilaou, Xu-Dong Pan, Yong-Min Liu, Jun-Ming Zhu, Qian Chang, John A. Elefteriades.

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1 Wei Zhang, Wei-Guo Ma, Long-Fei Wang, Jun Zheng, Bulat A. Ziganshin, Paris Charilaou, Xu-Dong Pan, Yong-Min Liu, Jun-Ming Zhu, Qian Chang, John A. Elefteriades and Li-Zhong Sun Beijing Aortic Disease Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine The 95 th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Thoracic Surgery Seattle, WA, April 28, 2015 Aortic Dissection with Arch Entry Tear: Surgical Experience in 104 Patients during a 12-Year Period

No Conflict of Interest 2

Aortic Dissections with Arch Entry Tear Not addressed by Stanford and DeBakey classification schemes Frequency: 7%-31% A higher level of complexity than ascending aortic location of tear Operative mortality: 0% to 36% Appropriate extent of resection is debated Various surgical techniques have been attempted Few large series on long-term surgical outcomes 3

Frozen Elephant Trunk for “Arch Dissections” Indications: dissections involving the arch and proximal descending aorta Consensus Complete arch repair Less need for reinterventions Debates Optimal indications Higher risks for stroke and mortality Limited data regarding long-term outcomes No large series on long-term outcomes of FET in “arch dissections” 4

Objectives To report the early and long-term outcomes of total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk (the Sun procedure) in 104 patients with type A aortic dissection (TAAD) arising from an arch entry tear To evaluate the efficacy of the Sun procedure in the management of “arch dissections” 5

Patients April November 2012, 832 patients with TAAD Age: 46.1 ± 10.7 years (range, 17-78); 664 males (79.8%) Patient groups RTAD excluded Acuity: 4.7 ± 3.5 days from onset to surgery (median, 3.8 days; range, 5 hours to 14 days) 6 TAAD 832 cases Entry tear location Transverse arch (104, 12.5%) Ascending aorta (336, 44.0%) Descending aorta (221, 25.4%) Multiple tears (90, 10.8%) Unidentified tears (61, 7.3%) Arch group (n = 104) Non-arch group (n = 728)

Preoperative Profile 7 Variable Total (n = 832) Arch group (n = 104) Non-arch group (n = 728) P value Age (y)* 46.1 ± ± ± Male664 (79.8)84 (80.8)580 (79.7).794 Acuity <.001 Acute (≤ 14 days from onset) 473 (56.9)104 (100)369 (50.7) Chronic 359 (43.1)0 (0)359 (49.3) Comorbidities Hypertension 583 (70.1)88 (84.6)495 (68.0)<.001 Marfan syndrome 87 (10.5)1 (1.0) 86 (11.8)<.001 Coronary artery disease 49 (5.9)6 (5.8)43 (5.9).956 Cerebrovascular disease 25 (3.0)6 (5.8)19 (2.6).114 Chronic kidney disease 20 (2.4)2 (1.9)18 (2.5).999 Malperfusion Syndrome 89 (10.7)11 (10.6) 78 (10.7).966

Surgical Indications Type A dissections with any of the following conditions: primary entry located in the arch or descending aorta severe arch vessel pathology, including dissection, stenosis, occlusion or aneurysmal changes intimal intussusception in the arch concomitant connective tissue disorders (Marfan) dissection in a dilated arch of > 4 cm in diameter and extending beyond the descending aorta 8

9 Clamp of arch vessels Stent graft deployment Distal anastomosis Left carotid anastomosis Proximal anastomosis Left subclavian anastomosis Innominate anastomosis DHCA started SACP started (unilateral, axillary) DHCA stopped SACP ongoing (axillary) Descending aorta perfusion resumed SACP stopped Bilateral brain perfusion (axillary, left carotid) Rewarming started Myocardial perfusion resumed Left arm perfusion resumed Technical Aspect FET Deployment & Arch Reconstruction

Operative Data 10 Variable Total (n = 832) Arch group (n = 104) Non-arch group (n = 728) P value Procedural times Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) 193 ± ± ± Cross-clamp time (min) 106 ± ± ± Selective cerebral perfusion time (min) 25 ± 9 28 ± 1124 ± Aortic valve or root procedures 408 (49.0) 41 (39.4) 367 (50.4).036 Aortic valve repair 102 (12.3) 24 (23.1) 78 (10.7) <.001 Sinus of Valsalva repair 25 (3.0) 6 (5.8) 19 (2.6).114 Aortic valve replacement 10 (1.2) 1 (1.0) 9 (1.2).999 Composite graft root replacement 256 (30.8) 10 (9.6) 246 (33.8) <.001 Other (David, Cabrol and Wheat) 15 (1.8) 0 (0) 15 (2.0).238 Concomitant procedures 112 (13.5) 10 (9.6) 102 (14.0).292 Coronary artery bypass grafting 69 (8.3) 10 (9.6) 59 (8.1).601 Extra-anatomic bypass 28 (3.4) 0 (0) 28 (3.8).039 Mitral valve operation 15 (1.8) 0 (0) 15 (2.1).238

Operative Mortality and Morbidity 11 Variable Total (n = 832) Arch group (n = 104) Non-arch group (n = 728) P value Mortality (Causes) 53 (6.4) 9 (8.7) 44 (6.0).308 Multiorgan failure 25 (3.0) 4 (3.8) 21 (2.9).540 Stroke 10 (1.2) 1 (1.0) 9 (1.2).999 Low cardiac output 10 (1.2) 3 (2.9) 7 (1.0).118 Mediastinal infection 1 (0.1) 1 (1.0) 0 (0).125 Morbidity Stroke 17 (2.0) 2 (1.9) 15 (2.1).999 Spinal cord injury 20 (2.4) 3 (2.9) 17 (2.3).729 Renal failure 28 (3.4) 4 (3.8) 24 (3.3).770 Low cardiac output 13 (1.6) 3 (2.9) 10 (1.4).215 Lower extremity ischemia 7 (0.8) 2 (1.9) 5 (0.7).473 Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury 9 (1.1) 1 (1.0) 8 (1.1).999 Reinterventions 41 (4.9) 3 (2.9) 38 (5.2).303 Reexploration for bleeding 28 (3.4) 2 (1.9) 26 (3.6).563 Pericardial drainage for effusion 7 (0.8) 1 (1.0) 6 (0.8).999

Long-Term Outcomes Complete in 100% averaging 5.6 ± 2.6 years (range ) Late deaths2 Late adverse events3 endoleak at distal anastomosis1 coronary artery disease requiring stenting1 implantation of cardioverter defibrillator1 CT follow-up: complete in 62/95 (65.3%) at 4.4 ± 2.2 years False lumen at the level of the distal end of open stent graft completely obliterated 60/62 Survival: 89.2% at 5 and 10 years Freedom from late adverse events: 85.0% at 5 and 10 years 12

13 Kaplan-Meier Survival

14 Freedom from Late Adverse Events

Why Such Good Results? Young patients and natural selection Superior technical simplicity of the stent graft Deployed within seconds Length in descending aorta: 10 ± 0.5 cm Interplay of surgical techniques and organ protection strategies DHCA for deployment of stent graft and distal anastomosis Early rewarming and distal perfusion Subcategorization of the Stanford classification Subytpe C = tear in arch or descending aorta, needing total arch repair Allows for detailed surgical decision-making 15

Technical Simplicity of the Sun Procedure 16

Study Limitations Retrospective study Predominance of young patients mean age: 49 ± % ≥ 60 year IRAD: 1/3 ≥ 70 years GERAADA: 29.9% ≥ 70 years Low rate of radiologic follow up 62 of 95 hospital survivors 17

Conclusions Surgical repair using frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement (the Sun procedure) was not associated with increased operative mortality and morbidity compared with other type A dissections Satisfactory early and late survivals were achieved with the Sun procedure These results argue favorably for use of the more extensive approach of frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement in management of type A dissection patients with arch entry tears 18

The Sun Procedure: Operative Steps 20 Stent graft deployment DHCA + SACP Distal anastomosis DHCA + SACP Left carotid reconstruction DHCA stopped, SCAP alone Proximal anastomosis SACP stopped Left subclavian reconstruction Innominate reconstruction Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2013;2: With Permission