The Sentence Mr. DeReza English 9

 A sentence has two basic parts a___1___ and a _____2____. 1.The ____is the key word or words. 2.The ____is the verb or verb phrase that tells something about 1. What is a sentence?

 Declarative- states a fact and ends with a period  Exclamatory- show emotion. Ends with an exclamation point (!)  Interrogative- a question.  Imperative- a command. Types of Sentences

 Huge cresting waves pound the sailboat. subjectPredicate

 When a subject or predicate is missing, the group of words is a sentence fragment.  Huge cresting waves Fragment

 Simple subject: Ask who or what is or does something. What battered the sailboat? storm  Simple predicate: ask what the subject is or does or what happened to it.  What did the storm do? battered The violent storm battered the sailboat.

1.Hurricane Andrew struck southern Florida in August This ferocious storm destroyed several communities. 3.The high winds also tore a county zoo apart. 4.Many animals, afraid of the wind, cowered in their cages. 5.Over 150,000 people lost their homes, or businesses. Write the simple subject and predicate.

 Complete subject: includes the simple subject and all the words that modify it.  Complete predicate: includes the verb and all the words that modify, or tell about It. Complete Subject and Predicate

 Complete Subject: Ask who or what is or does something. What fascinates? Disaster movies. Complete predicate: Ask what the subject is or does or what happens to it. What do disaster movies do? Fascinate nearly everyone. Disaster movies fascinate nearly everyone.

1.James Cameron had been fascinated by the Titanic for years. 2.The filmmaker interviewed several survivors of the tragedy. 3.The special-effects crew created tiny models of the ship. 4.The art director copied the Titanic’s original furnishings. 5.The real challenge was the re-creation of the death of the ship.

 Divers and climbers share a love of adventure.  Compound subject: divers and climbers  The exhausted diver ached and moaned.  Compound verb: ached and moaned. Compound Subjects and verbs

1.Children and adults can survive frigid water for a long time. 2.Cold water signals the brain and triggers a “diving reflex.” 3.The brain slows and needs only half the normal level of oxygen. 4.Electrical activity and chemical actions in the brain keep the body alive. 5.The heart and brain can survive 40 or 50 minutes in this state. Write the compound subject or predicate in each sentence. Underline the subject once and verbs twice

 Compound- two independent clauses.  I like chocolate. I’m not hungry= I like chocolate, but I’m not hungry.  Complex- one independent and one dependent clause.  He runs fast. Even though he is short.  Even though he is short, he runs fast. Compound vs. Complex Sentences

 Usual: The savage storm came down on the Spanish galleon. Unusual: Down came the savage storm on the Spanish galleon. Subjects in Unusual Positions

 Though here or there may begin a sentence, these words are rarely subjects.  Here is the massive anchor of the galleon.  There lies the great ship, far beneath the ocean.

 Was the cargo of the galleon valuable?  Did the great ship survive the storm?  The cargo of the galleon was valuable.  Verb: was  What was? cargo= subject. Questions

1.Who was aboard the galleon? 2.What happened to the people?  In some questions, words such as who or what are the subjects and come before the verbs.

 You is usually the subject. In most cases, you is not stated; it is understood.  Request: (You) Please read the ancient tale of the galleon.  Command: (You) Beware the wild sea. Imperative Sentences

1.There were 28 Spanish ships, including the Atocha, on the voyage to Spain. 2.Out of nowhere sprang a fierce storm. 3.From every ship in the fleet came pitiful cries for help. 4.Would the sailors survive this powerful storm? 5.Never doubt the men’s skill and bravery. 6.Into the Gulf of Mexico sailed the Spanish vessels. 7.Yet upon a reef crashed the treasure galleon. 8.Who witnessed its destruction and the loss of 260 lives? 9.Here is an important lesson about the power of nature. 10.Remember the misfortune of the great ship and its crew. Example: Have you ever heard of the destruction of the Atocha? Answer: you; have heard