CHEMISTRY WARM UP- What are the physical properties of matter? Hint: There are 7 of them!

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY Chemistry Matter Scientific Method Mass Substance Physical Property Solid Liquid Gas Vapor Physical Change

WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the study of the composition of MATTER! Chemistry is a SCIENCE! In order to study ANY science, the Scientific Method must be used! The Scientific Method involves following certain steps to come to a conclusion about the natural world

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

WHY?!?! The scientific method is the standard approach to solving questions related to science By using the scientific method, scientists can reach conclusions that help form a theory, and maybe even a scientific LAW! Unfortunately, not all theories can be proven, but those that can become scientific law

MATTER Since chemistry involves studying matter, what exactly IS matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space This even includes AIR! We measure matter by observing its mass. We observe matter by observing and describing its physical properties

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES A Physical Property is any characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing what it is made of Color Solubility Odor Hardness Density Melting Point Boiling Point

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMON SUBSTANCES SubstanceFormulaStateColorMelting Point ( o C) Boiling Point ( o C) Density (g/cm 2 ) GoldAusolidgold WaterH2OH2Oliquidcolorless Sodium Chloride NaClsolidwhite SucroseC 12 H 22 O 11 solidwhite185*1.59 OxygenOgascolorless

STATES OF MATTER

BREAKOUT Pick a partner! (ONLY 1!) I have filled a plastic bag with water. I will poke a pencil through it. Using the scientific method (ALL OF THE STEPS), describe the experiment and what happened.

MIXTURES A mixture is a blend of substances. There are 2 types. Homogenous mixtures- completely uniform composition (looks the same throughout) Heterogeneous mixtures- not uniform in composition (components not evenly distributed throughout) Another name for a homogenous mixture is a SOLUTION Example: Air, salt water In heterogeneous mixtures, there are2 or more phases Any part of the mixture that DOES have a uniform composition is a phase Example: Oil and Vinegar

HOW DO WE SEPARATE MIXTURES? Simply- we can pick out the pieces More complicated- we can use the different physical properties of each Method Filtration Distillation Decanting Chromatography

FILTRATION Using a filter to separate two substances Example: Cooking pasta

DISTILLATION Heat the mixture until it boils Collect the steam, and cool the steam so it condenses into a more pure liquid Example: salt water

DECANTING Pour off separate layers of the mixture Example: Oil and Water

CHROMATOGRAPHY Lots of different types! Paper chromatography is pretty common and easy to do!

BREAKOUT Grab a partner (only 1!) 1. Is it a homogenous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, or a pure substance? Silver Soup Salad Sand Air Apple juice 2. How might someone separate a mixture of salt and pepper?

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT