Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State

Washington’s Presidency (pg. 68) Executive Depts. (Washington chooses Cabinet, Congress approves) (Jefferson, Sec/State) (Hamilton, Sec/Treasury) (Knox, Sec/War) (Randolph, Attorney General) (advisors, Washington in charge) Federal Court System (Judiciary Act of 1789) (Supreme Court/other courts, created) (John Jay & 5 justices)

B. Hamilton’s Financial Program (pg. 70) The country’s biggest problem, financial) Pay off national debt at face value (assumption of state debts) Protect “infant” industry (excise taxes) (high tariffs/imported goods) Create a National Bank (deposit govt. $) (print $) Jefferson-led critics (benefits rich/Northeast) Debt (Hamilton wants U.S. Govt. to assume states’ war debts) (most of Southern states have paid off debts) (what do we get?) (compromise) (agree to assumption, move capital to south) Tariffs & Excise Taxes (tariff rates lower than Hamilton’s needs) (pass excise tax on whiskey) National Bank (Hamilton likes all things English, Bank) (pay bills, loan/deposit/print $) (Jefferson, not included/Constitution) (elite will benefit only) (necessary & proper, implied powers) (Washington supports Hamilton)

Foreign Affairs (pg. 71) French Revolution (most Americans/Jefferson supported French) (Republic) (ally during American Revolution) (British, impressment) (Federalists/Hamilton, don’t support) (Reign of Terror) (allies, not the same govt.) Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 (not strong enough for war) (Jefferson resigned from Cabinet) “Citizen” Genet (French minister knows some Americans support) (appeals directly to people/privateers, insult) (Washington, recall) (Genet’s enemies waiting) (Genet, citizenship/marries) Jay’s Treaty, 1794 (stop British seizures/impressment, leave U.S.) (Hamilton warns the British) (Jay gets nothing) (govt. gets criticized) Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795 (Spain panics, alliance?) (favorable terms) (open Miss./New Orleans, northern Florida boundary/31st parallel)

Domestic Concerns (pg. 73) Native Americans (settlers encroached on Indian lands, resistance) (British supplying Indians w/ weapons) (“Mad” Anthony Wayne) (Indians defeated at Battle of Fallen Timbers) (Treaty of Greenville) (chiefs sign over Ohio Valley to Americans) Whiskey Rebellion (Western Penn.) (farmers don’t want to pay tax) (Stamp Act?) (direct challenge to govt.) (Washington, 15,000 troops) (demonstrate strength/intolerance) (Jefferson, overkill) Western Lands (1790’s/states surrendered claims to western lands) (Congress gains control) (Public Land Act, 1796) (sell cheaply) (process for admitting new states established)

Political Parties (pg. 73) Political parties not mentioned in Constitution) (debates between Federalists/Anti-Federalists leads/political parties) Washington’s Farewell Address (assisted by Hamilton) (Address placed in newspaper) Don’t get involved in European affairs Don’t make “permanent alliances” in foreign affairs Don’t form political parties Avoid “sectionalism”

Differences Between the Parties (pg. ) Federalists Leaders: Adams, Hamilton View of Constitution: loose, strong central govt. Foreign Policy: Pro-British Military Policy: Large peacetime army/navy Domestic Policy: aid business, National Bank, tariffs Chief Supporters: Northern businessmen Anti-Federalists Leaders: Jefferson, Madison View of Constitution: strict, strong states Foreign Policy: Pro-French Military Policy: Small peacetime army/navy Domestic Policy: farmers, no National Bank, opposed tariffs Chief Supporters: skilled workers, farmers, Plantation Owners

John Adams’ Presidency (pg. 74) (Adams won, Jefferson VP) (2nd highest electoral votes) (later changed by 12th Amendment) The XYZ Affair (French, impressment) (Adams sends delegates) (to see Talleyrand, pay bribe) (High Federalists ready for war) (Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute) (preparation/war) (Adams says NO/war) (why spend $?) (sends another delegation) The Alien & Sedition Acts (Federalists, restrict Jeffersonians) Naturalization Act (citizenship, 5 – 14 years, joined Jeffersonians) Alien Acts (president can deport/detain dangerous aliens) Sedition Act (can’t criticize President/Congress) (fines and/or prison)

The Election of 1800 (pg. 75) (pg. 74 cont.) 3. The Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions (violated 1st Amendment) (states need to protect its citizens) (federal law hurts citizens) (states entered a compact, created Federal Govt.) (Resolutions say it’s O.K. to nullify unfair laws) (Jefferson/Virginia) (Madison/Kentucky) (punch line, end/1800) The Election of 1800 (pg. 75) Election Results (election, chaos?) (Federalists lost) (Jefferson, Burr) (election decided in House of Reps) (Federalists control House) (Hamilton sided w/ Jefferson, less dangerous/higher character) A Peaceful Resolution (democracy does work) (Europeans surprised) (Federalists accepted defeat, relinquished control to Jeffersonians) (Revolution of 1800) (Federalists would never place a president in power again)