THE AGE OF JEFFERSON

Beginnings of Industry  Samuel Slater – British – “Slater the Trader” – cloth making tech brought to New England.  Eli Whitney – (1793) Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts  Robert Fulton – “Claremont” – 1 st Steamship (1807) actually the “North River” sailed on the Hudson R. then called the North River

Industrial Leaders  Slater  Eli Whitney  Robert Fulton

The Virginia Dynasty Thomas Jefferson: Thomas Jefferson: James Madison: James Madison: James Monroe: James Monroe:

THOMAS JEFFERSON Major author of the Declaration of Independence Opposed Federalists Favored Limited, decentralized Government. LAISSEZ FAIRE “The Government which governs least, governs best” Opposed Hamilton’s Financial Plan

FIRST AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES: ELECTION OF 1800 Federalists Strong Central Gov. Strong Central Gov. Loose interpretation of the Constitution Loose interpretation of the Constitution National Bank National Bank Industrial, Urban Economy, Big Business Industrial, Urban Economy, Big Business Pro-British Pro-British Wealthy, Educated MEN Wealthy, Educated MEN Jeffersonian Republicans State’s Rights State’s Rights Strict Interpretation of the Constitution Strict Interpretation of the Constitution Farming, Agrarian Farming, Agrarian Against Tariffs Against Tariffs Oppose National Bank Oppose National Bank Pro-French Pro-French Common Man Common Man

FEDERALISTS “…Do not trust the masses…” “…Do not trust the masses…” Alexander Hamilton

Jeffersonian Republicans “ The Government which governs best governs least” Jefferson Memorial, Washington DC

The Jefferson Administration ( ) Examples of Limited Government -Reduces Taxes, Army reduced to 3000 professional soldiers MARBURY VS. MADISON -Case taken to Supreme Court in President Adams “Midnight Judge” Marbury is denied his appointment by the US Supreme Court. ESTABLISHES JUDICIAL REVIEW!!!!

Marbury vs. Madison (1801) FOREVER REMEMBERED AS THE FIRST TIME THE JUDICIAL BRANCH EXERTED ITS POWER TO REVIEW A DECISION OF ANOTHER BRANCH. Equal footing as Legislative and Executive Branch in Checks/Balances Relationship.

1804: Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton “Aaron Burr is unprincipled both as a public and private man…I feel it a religious duty to oppose his career.” -A.Hamilton

LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) USA needs to Develop Western Frontier USA needs to Develop Western Frontier Control the Mississippi River for trade Purposes Control the Mississippi River for trade Purposes JEFFERSON believes in a Strict Interpretation of the Constitution…IF HE SEEKS LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL, HE WILL LOSE THE ABILITY TO PURCHASE LOUISIANA FROM FRANCE… JEFFERSON believes in a Strict Interpretation of the Constitution…IF HE SEEKS LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL, HE WILL LOSE THE ABILITY TO PURCHASE LOUISIANA FROM FRANCE… What Should he DO??????? What Should he DO???????

He purchases Louisiana From France for $15 million Argues for “Implied Powers” even though he does not have the Constitutional Power to purchase… Argues for “Implied Powers” even though he does not have the Constitutional Power to purchase… Sounds like a loose interpretation, huh? Sounds like a loose interpretation, huh? VERY UNLIKE VERY UNLIKE Jefferson!! Jefferson!!

Lewis and Clark GOALS GOALS Find water routes for Commerce Find water routes for Commerce Establish a claim on Oregon Territory Establish a claim on Oregon Territory Create friendly relations with Sioux Create friendly relations with Sioux Detailed notes of plants, animals, Indians Detailed notes of plants, animals, Indians Water route to Pacific Water route to Pacific

Map—Lewis and Clark

Other Key Events of Jefferson’s Presidency American Sailors being IMPRESSED (kidnapped) by British Naval Vessels American Sailors being IMPRESSED (kidnapped) by British Naval Vessels USS Chesapeake (1807) attacked by British in search for sailors. 21 killed. USS Chesapeake (1807) attacked by British in search for sailors. 21 killed. EMBARGO OF 1807: Jefferson stops all trade with European Nations in response. NEEDS TO USE ECONOMIC PRESSURE BECAUSE OUR NAVAL FORCES CANNOT COMPETE. EMBARGO OF 1807: Jefferson stops all trade with European Nations in response. NEEDS TO USE ECONOMIC PRESSURE BECAUSE OUR NAVAL FORCES CANNOT COMPETE. Refuses to pay “tribute” to the Barbary Coast Pirates. Refuses to pay “tribute” to the Barbary Coast Pirates.

BARBARY COAST PIRATES

WAR OF 1812 CAUSES CAUSES James Madison succeeds Jefferson James Madison succeeds Jefferson France and England involved in War France and England involved in War 1809: Non-Intercourse Act passed. Opens trade with all ports except Britain and France. 1809: Non-Intercourse Act passed. Opens trade with all ports except Britain and France. Some see a chance to gain due to war Some see a chance to gain due to war 1810: War Hawks (Clay, Calhoun) push for war with England to gain Canada and annex Spanish West Florida 1810: War Hawks (Clay, Calhoun) push for war with England to gain Canada and annex Spanish West Florida

War of 1812 War Declared June 1, 1812 War Declared June 1, 1812 US Poorly prepared, Generals OLD, raw militias, small navy US Poorly prepared, Generals OLD, raw militias, small navy NO NATIONAL BANK TO FINANCE NO NATIONAL BANK TO FINANCE New England and NY oppose “Mr. Madison’s War” New England and NY oppose “Mr. Madison’s War”

Major Battles Battle of York (Toronto) Burned by US Battle of York (Toronto) Burned by US Battle of Lake Erie Battle of Lake Erie Ft. McHenry (National Anthem) Ft. McHenry (National Anthem) Battle of Washington- -Burned by UK Battle of Washington- -Burned by UK Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson) Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson) Chippawa (Niagara River) Chippawa (Niagara River)

Treaty of Ghent—December 24 th 1814 War ends in Cease-Fire (no winner) War ends in Cease-Fire (no winner) Status Quo Ante Bellum (pre-war conditions) Status Quo Ante Bellum (pre-war conditions)

Andrew Jackson

PRESIDENT JAMES MONROE John Quincy Adams solves border dispute between US and Canada John Quincy Adams solves border dispute between US and Canada Acquires Florida Acquires Florida 1823 ISSUES MONROE DOCTRINE 1823 ISSUES MONROE DOCTRINE End to European Colonization in the Western Hemisphere. End to European Colonization in the Western Hemisphere.

Provisions Ends European Colonization in the Western Hemisphere No intervention by Europe in existing nations US would not interfere in European affairs BRITISH NAVY WOULD HELP US ENFORCE THIS “…European influence is Dangerous to our peace and safety…”