Document 1: German Conquests by 1942

Nazi occupied Europe was organized in two ways: Some areas annexed and made into German provinces Most areas were occupied and administered by Germans Racial considerations: those considered “Aryan” were treated with lenience (Norway, Netherlands, Denmark) Resettlement plans of the East Poles were uprooted and moved 2 million ethnic Germans settled Poland, 1942 Need for labor: exploitation of conquered people By 1944, 20% of German workforce was foreign! Document 2: The Nazi New Order

France: Charles de Gaulle Free French movement Against Communist liberation groups Yugoslavia: Communist Josip Broz (“Tito”) Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) Communist leader who later broke with Stalin and the Soviet bloc Germany The White Rose movement, Hans and Sophie Scholl Gestapo executes all involved students Colonel Count Claus von Stauffenberg Stauffenberg assassination attempt (Operation Valkyrie) Document 3: Resistance Movements

First Plan: Madagascar Plan Ship Jews to Madagascar Second Plan: Einsatzgrupen (special forces) confine Jews to ghettos begin policy of shooting large groups: too difficult Third Plan: Final Solution---Death camps In operation by the spring of 1942 Shipments of Jews from Poland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Greece, southern France, Italy, and Denmark Use Zyklon B (hydrogen cyanide) to kill prisoners who could not work Rudolf Hoess---commandant of the Auschwitz-Birkau Death Camp 2/3 European Jews Killed by 1945 The Other Holocaust Death of million people beyond the million Jews 40 percent of European Gypsies, Homosexuals, handicapped Document 4: “The Jewish Question”

Document 4: “The Jewish Question” cont… Death camps v. Concentration Camps

Great Britain 55 percent of the people were in ‘‘war work” By 1944, women held 50 percent of the civil service positions Dig for Victory Emphasis on a planned economy Luftwaffe begin the Blitz in Britain beginning in 1940 Document 5: Home Front The Soviet Union “Great Patriotic War” Enormous losses, 2 of every 5 killed in World War II were Russians Supercentralization (total control by Stalin) 55% of income used on war supplies Factories moved to the interior when Germans advanced Starvation due to increased focus on war production 60% women in factories Only country in WWII to use women in combat Germany Continued production of consumer goods first two years of the war Plan: Blitzkrieg and then plunder conquered countries Total mobilization of the economy not until 1944: too little too late! British raids of German cities began in didn’t start evacuating until 1943 Dresden was worst---35,000 civilians dead