Cold War Begins Post-WWII Notes

US Goals Provide democracy and promote economic opportunity Provide democracy and promote economic opportunity –Serves US interests – New Markets

Soviet Union Rebuild to protect its interests Rebuild to protect its interests Satellite Nations Satellite Nations Installed and supported totalitarian Communist Governments Installed and supported totalitarian Communist Governments –Eastern Europe To prevent future invasions To prevent future invasions –Germany had invaded the Soviet Union twice through Poland. So they want to install friendly governments (Communist)

Iron Curtain Created by post-war goals Created by post-war goals 1946 speech by Churchill 1946 speech by Churchill –Start of Cold War – WQvideo video

Cold War Competition between US and Soviets for world power and influence Competition between US and Soviets for world power and influence –Capitalism v. Communist –West v. East –Democracy v. Totalitarian Gov. (Command)

Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947 March 12, 1947 Military aid to Greece and Turkey Military aid to Greece and Turkey Support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures Support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures $400 million $400 million Also called European Recovery Program Also called European Recovery Program Follows policy of Containment – Keep Communism limited to areas it currently controls – keep it from spreading Follows policy of Containment – Keep Communism limited to areas it currently controls – keep it from spreading

Marshall Plan June 5, 1947 June 5, 1947 Created by George C. Marshall – Created by George C. Marshall – –Sec of State Reason for aid Reason for aid –Humanitarian issues –Prevent the spread of Communism The plan The plan –US $13 billion in relief –If: European nations came together and agreed on a rational plan on how they would use it  Pre-cursor to European Union  Also offered to Soviets – Stalin rejected it

Marshall Plan Cont. Benefits Benefits –Fed the homeless –Stopped the spread of communism –Helped US economy –Bolstered factory production level –Improved the standard of living Criticisms Criticisms –American Imperialism  Control Europe

US Strategy Containment – Contain Communism to areas in currently exits – do not let it spread Containment – Contain Communism to areas in currently exits – do not let it spread Domino Theory – If we allow Communism to spread the region will fall to Communism like a row of dominos Domino Theory – If we allow Communism to spread the region will fall to Communism like a row of dominos

Yalta Conference February 1945 February 1945 FDR, Churchill, and Stalin FDR, Churchill, and Stalin Purpose: Future of Germany and Poland Purpose: Future of Germany and Poland FDR and Churchill FDR and Churchill –Divide Germany into occupational zones –Soviets enter war against Japan –Have Polish elections – Future Government Stalin Stalin –Dismantle German factories and industries –Germany pay $10 billion in reparations –Concerned over Poland – invasion route of Russia –Occupied and supported the Communist Government

Potsdam Conference July 1945 July 1945 Truman and Stalin Truman and Stalin Cont. of Yalta Conference Cont. of Yalta Conference –Split Germany into 4 zones –Polish elections – never take place

Western Europe Rebuilds Germany divided Germany divided –Allies occupied Western Germany –Soviets occupied Eastern Germany –West gains democracy and enjoys an economic boom As East Germans begin to flee to the West the Soviets built a giant fortified wall to keep East Germans in the East Germans in the East

NATO April 4, 1949 April 4, 1949 US, Canada, and nine other countries formed a new military alliance US, Canada, and nine other countries formed a new military alliance North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization Goal: Safeguard freedom Goal: Safeguard freedom and security of its members and security of its members by political or military means by political or military means All countries contribute All countries contribute force and equipment force and equipment

Warsaw Pact Soviets response to NATO Soviets response to NATO –Satellite nations - is a country that is dominated politically and economically by the Soviet Union