Chapter 9 Life in the Industrial Age

New Industrial Powers Britian USA Germany Belgium France

Undeveloped Nations Russia –Poor economy –lack of resources Asia –Slow start they did not become Industrialized until the late 1800’s

Society Men and Women and children all worked long hours Hazardous conditions By 1900’s many laws changed –Shorter hours –Better conditions –Child labor laws put into effect

New Products and Technology Increase in demand led to increase in employment Increase in employment led to economic growth for many countries Western powers came to dominate the economic world

Technology and Industry Scientists, engineers and business men worked together to create better more efficient machinery and products –Steel: Bessemer –Chemicals: Nobel –Electricity: Edison, Ladimer and Volta Factories –Interchangeable parts –Assembly line

Transportation and Communication Steam ships Railroad –USA transcontinental –Russia Trans-Siberian

Cars Automobile –Otto: internal combustion engine –Benz: (German) first automobile paten wheeled car –Daimler: first four wheeled car –Ford: 25 mph car and assembly line production

Planes Internal combustion engine used in airplanes by the Wright Brothers-1903 Many daredevil pilots were flying across water and over mountains 1920’s commercial flights

Communication Morse: telegraph by using electric currents –1 st Baltimore to DC 1844 –1860 connection between US and Europe Bell: patented the telephone 1876 Marconi: invented the radio 1890’s

Business Stocks –Buying on margin Corporations used stocks as a way to gain capital –Allowed businesses to grow and companies to take more risks

Monopolies and “Robber Barons” Steel and oil led the way for Monoploies across the world –Germany: Alfred Krupp-steel –USA: John Rockefeller-Standard Oil –USA: Andrew Carnegie- Steel 1900’s governments tried to prevent stop monopolies –Not very effectively

Medicine and Population Louis Pasteur –Proved the germ theory: microbes can lead to diseases –Came up with rabies and anthrax vaccines –Pasteurization Robert Koch –identified TB

Hygiene and Sanitation People started to bath and wash cloths more frequently –Led to decrease in death rates and increase in survival of infants Hospitals –Anesthesia-1840’s Experimentation –Very dirty and dark Led to many infections

Medical changes Florence Nightingale: –insisted on better hygiene in hospitals, sanitation Joseph Lister –Antiseptics –Washing hands

City life Positives –Boulevards –Town squares –Department stores –Theaters –Skyscrapers Negatives –Tenement housing

City Streets Paved streets Electric street lights Police Fire Sewage system Tourism

Working Class Wanted improvements of harsh conditions Mutual aid societies: –Help sick and injured Pensions Retirement programs Unions began to spread and become more powerful

Standard of Living Skilled laborer earned more than un skilled Men earned more than women Children were protected People eat better Better hygiene