WWII: Road to War “I have seen war. I have seen war on land and sea. I have seen blood running from the wounded. I have seen men coughing out their gassed lungs. I have seen the dead in the mud. I have seen cities destroyed. I have seen two- hundred limping, exhausted men come out of line-the survivors of a regiment of of one thousand that went forward forty-eight hours before. I have seen children starving. I have seen the agony of mothers and wives. I hate war.” Franklin D. Roosevelt
Rise of the Dictators: Stalin, Mussolini, & Hitler
Stalin Russia Comes to power after the death of Lenin
Economic Plans 1. Modernize agriculture 2. Rapid Industrialization
Consequences 1. Peasants forced off land 2. Took food produced 3. Starvation & food shortages 4. Labor camps 5. Standard of living reduced
Reign of Terror 1. Begins purges to “purify” Communist party 2. “Show trials” 3. Eliminates threats to his power
Mussolini (Italy) “IL Duce”
Forms Fascist Party 1. Consists of war veterans, Socialists, & anarchists 2. “Blackshirts” terrorize opposition 3. Establishes dictatorship
Adolph Hitler (Germany)
Rise to Power 1. Joins Nazi Party 2. Becomes chancellor 3. President dies & he takes over
Actions 1. Writes “Mein Kampf” outlines his plans 2. Suspends freedom of speech & press 3. Rearms & expands military 4. Begins expanding into Austria & Czechoslovakia
Paragraph w/ complete sentences!!! Explain the conditions in Europe that led to the rise in power of Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin.
Europe Goes to War Appeasement Abandoned
Poland Invasion A.Britain & France pledge support B. Hitler & Stalin sign 10-yr. Nonaggression Pact C. Germans use blitzkrieg tactic
War in the West A. France's Maginot Line B. Germany invades France: splitting the French army
Explain the “Policy of Appeasement” using specific dates and details. What was the result of this policy? Why was it abandoned?
Dunkirk: Greatest rescue in history of warfare 1. Fled in tugboats, yachts, & other small craft vessels carried 340,000 soldiers
Fall of France 1. Govt. abandons Paris 2. Britain & France stunned 3. Germany occupies northern 3/5ths of France 4. Resistance led by Charles de Gaulle
Battle of Britain A. English Channel plays key role B. Germany uses Luftwaffe to control air war 1. 1,000 planes bomb Britain 2. Begins targeting civilian locations
Japan Builds an Empire
Growing Military Power A. Economy prospers from WWI B. Sign international agreements for peace C. Recession & depression rock democracy D. Radical nationalist groups form
Manchurian Incident A. Japan lacks land & raw materials B. Army seizes all of Manchuria C. Becomes puppet state D. Increases army's power over govt.
War Against China A. Forces terrorize China B. Soviet Union backs China
Japan allies itself w/ Germany & Italy
Isolationism to War
Neutrality A. Focus on domestic issues 1. Depression B. Neutrality Acts 1. banned providing weapons 2. banned loans 3. permitted trade of non-military goods
Involvement Grows A. Economy begins to recover B. Germany & Japan become more aggressive C. Repeals part of Neutrality Acts 1. provides weapons 2. sent 50 destroyers to Britain
Lend-Lease Act 1. Provide war supplies w/o payment 2. Aid any nation whose security is vital to U.S. 3. $49 billion to 40 nations
Pearl Harbor A. U.S puts trade restrictions on Japan B. Expected attack-didn't know where
The Attack December 7, Japanese warplanes strike 2. Half of U.S. Pacific Fleet at anchor 3. 2,400 killed; 1,200 wounded ships damaged/destroyed
U.S. Declares War Congress passes war resolution Yesterday, December 7, a date which will live in infamy – the United States of America Was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.