Islam Unit 2, SSWH 5 a & c

How did the religion Islam expand?

SSWH 5 a & c Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.

Origins of Islam Muhammad (founder), Allah sent him an angel, Gabriel – Muhammad was told he is a messenger. Islam: “submission to the will of Allah” in Arabic Muslim: “one who has submitted” Muhammad: considered the last & greatest prophet

Beliefs 5 Pillars: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, & Pilgrimage People are responsible for their own actions Qur’an or Koran: Muslim holy book People follow the Sunna (Muhammad’s example) & Shar’ia (law)

Religion Divides Muhammad died in 632 A.D. & didn’t tell how to choose a successor (caliph) Muslims split over the next caliph: Sunni and Shi’a “Rightly Guided Caliphs” 4 were chosen after Muhammad’s death: loyal friends of Muhammad

Sunni Believed Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna, Muhammad’s example

Shi’a Believed Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, should have succeed Muhammad Believed Muslim rulers should descend from Muhammad

The LAST Word… Create an ACROSTIC by brainstorming all the things you remember about ISLAM: I: S: L: A: M: Jot your answer – 1 Minute – Prepare to Share

Muslim Contributions To The World Unit 2, SSWH 5 b & d

How did the religion Islam expand?

SSWH 5 b & d Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).

Trade & Economy Major trading network. Connected China, Europe, & India Muslims only needed to speak Arabic & one currency, Abbasid dinar Muslims created banks for trade & “sakk” (checks) (prevented travelers from being robbed)

Impact on Society Education: Encouraged within Muslim Culture House of Wisdom—preserves knowledge Schools of philosophy, medicine, language and large libraries Medicine: knowledge of Greece, Syria, Arabic, Indian sources Al-Razi: greatest physicians – wrote books on medicine, Discovered that clean air can help heal you faster

Impact on Society Medicine: Ibn-Sina: Discovered tuberculosis is contagious, can spread through water & soil, person’s emotional health is influenced by the physical health, 1 st to describe: Meningitis, parts of the eye, &valves of the heart Geography: Ibn-Battuta: Muslim Explorer who traveled over 75, 000 miles and to every Muslim land, detailed map information and worked for foreign leaders

Impact on Society Math: Al-Jabr: wrote a book on a math technique today we call Algebra Science: Ibn-Alhazen: wrote a book called Optics Art: Calligraphy The Thousand and One Nights

WORD SPLASH Using these words create a meaningful sentence which explains Muslims contributions to the world. Silk RoadDinarSakkAl-Razi Ibn-SinaMeccaIbn-Battuta Arabic Jot your answers – 1 Minute – Prepare to Share

Muslim Empires Unit 2, SSWH 12 a & b

What were the origins and contributions of the Ottomans, Safavid, and Mughal empires?

a. Describe the geographical extent of the Ottoman Empire during the rule of Suleyman the Magnificent, the Safavid Empire during the reign of Shah Abbas I, and the Mughal Empire during the reigns of Babur and Akbar. b. Explain the ways in which these Muslim empires influenced religion, law, and the arts in their parts of the world.

Ottoman Empire (Modern Turkey) Ruler: Ottos I, Suleyman-Known as the Magnificent for his court & cultural achievements, created a law code Rise to Power: Conquers Constantinople 1453, uses cannons in warfare Law:Simplified taxation & govt., everyone wanted in the army = rights &education ReligiousToleration: Christians & Jews (ppl of Book) Art:Cultures (religion, art, architecture, language, trade) spread Decline: Weak leadership…slow decay…ends after WW1

Safavid Empire (Ancient Persia/Modern Iran) Ruler: Shah Abbas I, Golden Age (time of prosperity) Rise to Power: Religious Movement Law: based on sharia Religion: Began Sufi but gained power as Shiite Art: Revival of Persian Culture Decline: weak leaders

Mughal Empire (Modern India) Leaders: Babur: brilliant general, formed Mughal Empire & Akbar: means “Greatest One” (grandson of Babur) Rise to Power: Babur’s military victories Law: Govt. run by different foreign officials Religion: Muslim but abolished tax on Hindus Art: Taj Mahal Decline: Weak Economy and defeat by Hindu Maratha Empire * Both Safavid and Ottoman declined (poor leadership)

Kinfolk What do the Ottomans, Safavid, and Mughal empires have in common? Jot your Answer – 1 Minute – Prepare to Share

Crusades Unit 2, SSWH 5 e & f

How did the religion Islam expand?

SSWH 5 e Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Crusades, Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus called for help against the invading Muslims Pope Urban II called for a “holy war”, to regain control of the Holy Land (Byzantine Empire & Jerusalem) At least 9 different Crusades over this time period (1-4 the most notable)

Impact on Europe Christian Europe continues dislike towards Muslims Kings & church were able to have quarrelling knights sent off Second sons & others, who wouldn’t inherit anything, left home to make something of themselves

Continued Economically: trade increased Jerusalem stayed within the control of the Muslims, but agreed that Christians could visit Weakened & lessened the power of the Pope Kings power increased, fewer knights & feudal land lords to go against kings

Impact on Muslim World Muslims disliked Christians Persecution of Muslims: Spanish Inquisition and Reconquista (cleansing) Economy weakens from lack of trade Culture spreads from interaction with European knights

1 Word Summary Write one word that summarizes the Crusades… Write 2-3 sentences explaining why you chose that word. JOT YOUR ANSWER – 1 MINUTE PREPARE TO SHARE