Chapter 11.2 Spread of Islam

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Chapter 11.2 Spread of Islam Mr. Marsh Columbus North High School

Age of Conquest Abu Bakr was the first Caliph (successor to Muhammad) A large amount of early struggles with some tribal leaders Was able to reunite many of the tribes do to there allegiance to Islam Once reunited, the Arab military swept across North Africa and into Europe

Victory to Victory Conquered Great chunks of both the Byzantine and Persian Empires Crossed into Europe at the Strait of Gibraltar in 711 A.D. Pushed into France where they were stopped at the Battle of Tours in 732 A.D. Siege on the capital city of the Byzantine Empire Constantinople

Why were they able to Succeed Weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empire People of the Fertile Crescent saw them as liberators Common faith Muhammad had given his people, Islam brought many Arab tribes together

Movements within Islam Sunni (SOO nee) Caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim Community Sunni’s saw the Caliph as a leader, not a religious authority Shiite (SHEE ite) Caliphs should be descendants of Muhammad and son-in-law

Ali (Muhammad’s Son-in-law) Became the forth Caliph Was assassinated in 661 in a struggle for leadership, His son was later killed Both along with many other Shiite’s were killed by Sunni’s Division between Sunni and Shiite still exist today

Empire of the Caliphs Umayyad (oh MI ad) 661-750 A.D. Capital in Damascus, Syria Early Conquest which brought wealth to the Arab World Much Economic tension between the “haves” and the “have not” Hated by the Shiites because they were responsible for the deaths of Ali and his son

Empire of the Caliphs Abbassids 750 A.D. – 1258 A.D. Disconnected Muslims found a leader Abu al-Abbas Took over Damascus Kills all of the Umayyad Family Golden Age of the Muslim Civilization Moved the Capital to Baghdad

Decline of the Caliphate Around 850 AD divisions started to fragment the Arab Empire Between 900-1400 a series of invasions added chaos

Seljuk's Turks that took over much of the Fertile Crescent Seljuk interference with Christian pilgrims led Pope Urban II to call for the First Crusade Crusaders 1099 Christian warriors sent to take back the Holy Empire Mongols 1216 Genghis Khan swept out of Asia and into Mesopotamia 1258 Hulagu Khan burned and looted Baghdad 1300s Timur the Lame lead armies into the Middle East

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