Everything in the universe is either matter or energy

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Presentation transcript:

Everything in the universe is either matter or energy

What is Matter? 1) Anything that has mass and volume Even air, and gases less dense than air such as helium.

What is Matter? 2) Made of atoms (basic units of matter), molecules, or formula units (natural groups of atoms held together by bonds).

What is Matter? 3) Common states of matter are… - Solid - Liquid - Gas - Aqueous (dissolved in water) Credit: Encyclopedia Brittanica, inc.

What is Matter? 4) Matter, like energy, is neither created nor destroyed in any CHEMICAL process  Law of Conservation of Matter

How do we describe matter? Physical Properties What is it like by itself? Color and appearance Density Melting Point Boiling Point Chemical Properties What does it do when reacted with other matter? During a chemical change, composition of matter always changes (the atoms are rearranged).

How do we classify matter? (a flow chart) Pure Substances: Composed of one kind of atom, molecule, or formula unit. Cannot be separated any further by physical means into other substances. Mixtures: Made up of two or more pure substances physically mixed together.

How do we classify matter? (a flow chart) Pure Substances: Composed of one kind of atom, molecule, or formula unit. Cannot be separated any further into other substances. Elements (atoms): Simplest pure substances Ex: H, Li, Na, Cu Compounds: Elements that are chemically compound in fixed ratios Diatomic elements: Occur naturally in pairs Ex.: H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2 Single atoms Ionic Compounds: Atoms joined by + and – charges (ions). Ex: NaCl (formula units) Covalent Compounds: Atoms joined by sharing of electrons. Ex.: H2O (molecules)

How do we classify matter? (a flow chart) Mixtures: Made up of two or more pure substances physically mixed together. Heterogeneous: Mixture in which substances are NOT evenly distributed. Composition is NOT UNIFORM. Homogeneous: Mixture in which substances are EVENLY distributed. Composition is UNIFORM. Colloid: Suspension mixtures of 2 phases. Particles in suspension will settle when centrifuged.