® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) Open geospatial standards and the system integrator Sam A. Bacharach Executive Director, Outreach Program April 22,

OGC ® A Foundation for Today A system integration engineer needs a broad range of skills and is likely to be defined by a breadth of knowledge rather than a depth of knowledge – wikipedia.com Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.software Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering, that focuses on the development and organization of complex artificial systemsinterdisciplinary engineeringsystems Engineering is an organized and organizing discipline © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Helping the World Communicate Geographically 2

OGC ® Standards are A Form of Organization Standards capture the essence of engineering Standards simplify your work by codifying the best of what has worked elsewhere Standards-based software is great tool for the integrator 3© 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® 4 Why standards? Some Quotes “Standardization in the GeoWeb is going to be really important if you want to stimulate innovation,” Vinton Cerf, co-designer of TCP/IP and the “Father of the Internet” “We want to have standards applied to all important interfaces... Being vendor-independent, vendor- neutral helps us protect our equity.” Dawn Meyerriecks, DISA, in an interview with the OpenGroup "People want the government to be transparent, so why shouldn't the technology be?" Jim Willis, director of E-government at the Rhode Island Secretary of State office. © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® 5 Standards and Resulting Interoperability Are Important Without Standards and Interoperability, there would be no: –INTERNET or WEB! –MOBILE TELEPHONE TECHNOLOGY! –TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS! –ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION! These industries offer huge benefits and enjoy widespread acceptance as a result of using standards that enable interoperability – Should Geospatial be any different? © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Standards are only as good as the organization that creates, manages and maintains them

OGC ® 6 What is the OGC and why use it? The Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) is a not-for- profit international voluntary consensus standards organization leading the development of service interface and encoding standards for geospatial and location based services. The OGC facilitates a consensus process in which government, private industry, and academia collaborate to create open and extensible software application programming interfaces for geospatial and other mainstream information technologies. Our members have spent 14 years doing the organizing work for you to leverage today. © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® 7 The OGC Vision A world in which all people and institutions benefit from spatial information resources and supporting technology services. © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.8 The Growth of OGC Over 350 members worldwide – 31 countries & 6 continents –151 European members - (29 Voting UP 30%, none at top level) –41 Asia-Pacific members – (8 Voting, none at top level) – 156 North America – (43 Voting, 6 at top level) Twenty five (up from 18 last year) approved, publicly available Implementation Specifications Broad participation with other industry and international standards organizations 30+ candidate Implementation Specifications in work OGC Reference Model defines interoperable geo architecture Rapidly growing list of vendor implementations –

OGC ® OGC-based Policy Positions OGC-based Policy Positions UK Ordnance Survey uses GML encoding to distribute its MasterMap product Canada Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) Implements OGC Web Service Specifications CIA and DHS have adopted OGC as part of their Geospatial Enterprise Architectures. Australian SDI recognizes OGC standards, numerous enterprise implementations across the nation European Union INSPIRE technical architecture built around OGC specifications Open Location Services (mobile wireless) being built into consumer offerings from major location services vendors © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® Still Other OGC Policy Positions National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency NATO C3 Federal Enterprise Architecture Group on Earth Observations (GEO) DISR © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 11 OGC Alliance Partnerships A Critical Resource for Advancing Standards –World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) –CEN/TC 287 –Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) –COMCARE –Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG) –Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association (GSDI) –Group on Earth Observations –International Organization for Standards (ISO) Technical Committee 211 –OASIS –Object Management Group (OMG) –Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) –Open Grid Forum (OGF) –Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization –International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) –IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Society –IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web) –Taxonomic Data Working Group (TDWG)

OGC ® © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.12 What Partnership Means? We rely on ISO TC 211 for a foundation –What’s a feature? A spatial reference system? We rely on W3C for: –The framework of web services, Semantic language (OWL-S) We rely on OASIS for: –Common Alert Protocol (CAP) –Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) We rely on CEN TC 287 and DGIWG for: –Resources and sophisticated user understanding and requirements We also assist our partners –IAI – NIBS on Building Information Model, CAD/CAM –IEEE 1451 for Sensor standards –ISO TC 204 for telematics

OGC ® © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 13 Where does OGC fit in the ‘standards’ world? IETF / W3C Infrastructure: WSDL, UDDI, SOAP, XML ISO –CEN DGIWG Domains: Object / Abstract Models, Content, Vocabulary OGC Software Interfaces: Instantiate Domain and Dejure into Infrastructure De Facto De Jure Domain Infrastructure Your Content + Via OGC Interfaces + IT Infrastructure =

OGC ® = Equals = = Equals = Easier integration leading to lower costs Easier sharing with other departments, businesses, countries leading to faster communication Easier data sharing leading to more available Ability to spend less engineering money reinventing the wheel and spend more of it actually working an unsolved problem –I know there is a comfort zone of doing what one already knows, but there is also great satisfaction in blazing new trails © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.14

OGC ® Approved OGC Standards 1.Coordinate TransformationCoordinate Transformation 2.Geographic ObjectsGeographic Objects Java bindings for main OWS on next slide 3.Grid Coverage ServiceGrid Coverage Service 4.Location Services (OpenLS)Location Services (OpenLS) Mobile telephone geospatial service interfaces © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.15

OGC ® Approved OGC Web Service (OWS) Standards 1.Catalogue ServiceCatalogue Service 2.Geography Markup LanguageGeography Markup Language 3.GML in JPEG 2000GML in JPEG Simple Feature Access 1Simple Feature Access 1 5.Simple Feature Access 2Simple Feature Access 2 6.Styled Layer DescriptorStyled Layer Descriptor 7.Filter EncodingFilter Encoding 8.Symbology EncodingSymbology Encoding 9.Web Coverage ServiceWeb Coverage Service 10.Web Feature ServiceWeb Feature Service 11.Web Map ContextWeb Map Context 12.Web Map ServiceWeb Map Service 13.Web Processing ServiceWeb Processing Service 14.Web Service CommonWeb Service Common 15.KML v 2.2KML v 2.2 © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.16

OGC ® Approved OGC Sensor Standards 1.Observations and Measurements (O&M)Observations and Measurements (O&M) 2.Sensor Model Language (SensorSL)Sensor Model Language 3.Sensor Planning Service (SPS)Sensor Planning Service 4.Transducer Markup Language (TML)Transducer Markup Language (TML) 5.Sensor Observation Service (SOS)Sensor Observation Service (SOS) 6.Sensor Alert Service (SAS) (Best Practice Document)Sensor Alert Service (SAS) 7.Web Notification Service (WNS) (Best Practice Document)Web Notification Service (WNS) Best Practice Document is one step below an approved OGC Standard © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.18 What do we mean by “Open” Freely and publicly available Non discriminatory (nobody denied) No license fees Vendor neutral Data neutral Agreed to by a formal, member based consensus process!

OGC ® 19 What does the OGC as an entity provide? An agreed upon consensus process for defining, testing, documenting, and approving interface specifications Staff knowledge, expertise and support to work with the members to facilitate the consensus process the culminates in approved and adopted specifications. A process framework to encourage effectiveness and efficiency in advancing OGC member goals. A consensus-based forum for conflict resolution that meets US and other anti-trust guidelines A comprehensive Communications infrastructure. © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)20 The Evolution of the OGC Strategic Focus… Technical and Socioeconomic Impact Improved inter-community and multi- enterprise data and processing resource sharing and platform-independent interoperability OGC Technical Baseline Open GIS Abstract Models Enhanced understanding of geoprocessing interoperability and digital representation of Earth and Earth phenomena Improved multi-source information operations for technical interoperability in web-based environments, enabled enterprise applications and location services, broad base of operational implementations Improved integration of geoprocessing with mainstream information technology capabilities Current Strategic Focus is: Steady improvement in the Technical Baseline and inter-community resource sharing capacity Capacity to exchange geospatial information and services across multiple computing environments, integrated with mainstream information technology First generation of web-based interoperable services Information and multi- platform interoperability capacity, composite services Second generation web- based interoperable services and decision support systems Open GIS Consortium established and Technical Committee organized Broad scale application of geoprocessing technology and expanded understanding of global inter-community relationships

OGC ® 21 What do we mean by “Open” Freely and publicly available Non discriminatory No license fees Vendor neutral Data neutral Agreed to by a formal, member based consensus process! © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® 22 What do we mean by interoperability? "capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units“ Source: OGC Abstract Specification Topic 12: Services. Derived from ISO © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® 23 Why Interoperability? The OGC helps guide industry to agree on ‘interfaces’ for software. Interoperability agreements abound: –You buy stereo components and plug them in –You buy tires and just have them mounted Nobody saw the value of metadata 10 years ago – –Interoperability is a new idea, but the seeds must be nurtured now –The data and processing you need just in time, on time You care because interoperability will drive your costs down and your productivity up –Eliminate translation and transformation –Reduce the cost of writing custom code © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® 24 Interoperability, Standards, and the Future The future vision for the information technology industry is driven by requirements for information sharing, software service re-use, web services architectures, the Internet... Interoperability is fundamental to achieving this future vision. © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) Which sets the stage for The OGC Reference Model

OGC ® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)26 OGC Reference Model Purpose Provides a foundation for coordination and understanding OGC activities and the Technical Baseline Describes the OGC requirements baseline for geospatial interoperability Describes the OGC architecture framework through a series of non-overlapping viewpoints: including existing and future elements Regularize the development of domain-specific interoperability architectures by providing examples

OGC ® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)27 OGC Reference Model (Based on RM-ODP) Enterprise View Computational View Information View Engineering View Technical View

OGC ® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)28 RM-ODP Definitions Viewpoint NameDefinition of RM-ODP Viewpoint EnterpriseFocuses on the purpose, scope and policies for that system. InformationFocuses on the semantics of information and information processing. ComputationalCaptures component and interface details without regard to distribution EngineeringFocuses on the mechanisms and functions required to support distributed interaction between objects in the system. TechnologyFocuses on the choice of technology.

OGC ® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)29 View Point Relationships

OGC ® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)30 Architectures of Interest EU Satellite Center (EUSC) NATO Core GIS Services Other relevant users of OGC –U.S. Homeland Security –U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) –INSPIRE initiative in the EU –USGS’ The National Map and GOS Portal –Canada Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI)

OGC ® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)31 External Data Data Repository Oracle 10g Oracle 10g File System File System Data Import Component Data Import Component Data Export Component Data Export Component Internal Portal EU Satellite Center Service Interfaces Data View Service Registry Service Registry Coordinate Transformation Service Coordinate Transformation Service Fusion Service Fusion Service... Information Capturing Applications (Imagine, Ocapi) Other Applications Service Registry Administration Object Service (Feature, Gazetteer, Catalog, Coverage, Style, Symbol, Context) Object Service (Feature, Gazetteer, Catalog, Coverage, Style, Symbol, Context) Portrayal Service Portrayal Service... Service... Service

OGC ® Copyright 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)32 EUSC Image Tasking-Collection-Processing- Dissemination-Exploitation Chain Registry Cache BPEL Execution Module Protocol Adaptors Content Transformers Registries BP Broker Sensor Planning Service HTTP OGC Web Services Analyst Client UAV Client BPEL-enabled Applications (Business Process Execution Language) BP TOOLS BPEL Image Chain Image Chain App Profile Construct Image Chain App Profile Construct BPEL Image Chain Web Notification Service Image Archive Service Web Notification Service Web Coverage Service Web Map Service Imagery Imagery Metadata

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)33 EUSC Portal application framework

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)34 NATO Core GIS Services

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)35 U.S. Homeland Security Geospatial services built on Services Oriented Architecture that features OpenGIS service interfaces by OGC Fits with “The National Map” from USGS Fits with “Geospatial One Stop” from USGS Fits with Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure for cross border planning and response

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)36 INSPIRE Implementation architecture in work at this time Design documents fit into SOA model using geospatial OpenGIS service interfaces by OGC You saw the latest yesterday from Olaf who is working on the committee

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)37 U.S. Defense December 2005: NGA Announces Requirement for OGC and Complimentary Standards –BETHESDA, Md.– The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has adopted the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) web service specification baseline, along with complementary international and industry standards, as requirements for use in all NGA production processes” –Read it yourself at: –Amounts to de facto adoption of SOA as guided by OGC Reference Model DISR now includes OGC OpenGIS Standards

® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) Sensors and Sensor Webs

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)39 Sensors and Sensor Webs Sensor webs are networks of environmental monitors, traffic monitors, industrial sensors, aerial and satellite- borne imaging devices, webcams, health monitors, and stored sensor data. Classic geospatial data remains the foundation for Decision Support Systems and data from sensors adds currency to that picture Sensors and sensor webs provide: –Real time or near real time observations –Data from simple in situ sensors of single phenomena (temperature or wind speed) to complex earth orbiting satellite imagery sensing many different slices of the electromagnetic spectrum

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)40 Sensor Web: Why and How? Goal: Enable all types of Web and/or Internet-accessible sensors, instruments, and imaging devices to be accessible and, where applicable, controllable via the Web. Vision: Define and approve the standards foundation for "plug-and-play" Web-based sensor networks. –Sensor location is usually a critical parameter for sensors Cooperate with other standards bodies – IEEE 1451 "smart transducer" family of standards – OASIS Common Alerting Protocol (CAP), Web Services Notification (WS-N) and Asynchronous Service Access Protocol (ASAP) specifications.

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)41 A Sensor Network

OGC ® Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC)42 Sensor Web Enablement In an initiative called Sensor Web Enablement (SWE), members OGC are building a unique and revolutionary framework of open standards for exploiting Web-connected sensors and sensor systems of all types: flood gauges, air pollution monitors, stress gauges on bridges, mobile heart monitors, Webcams, satellite-borne earth imaging devices and countless others. Three Encoding Specifications Four Service Specifications

OGC ® 43 Summary Industry consensus standards have been around a long time and OGC brings that stability to geospatial processing Standardization has marked the way forward for industry after industry and all that is needed now is for system integrators to realize the benefit to them. © 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.