SBI4U - Biochemistry Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates.

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Presentation transcript:

SBI4U - Biochemistry Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates

Macromolecules macromolecules are large molecules that are often composed of repeating sub-units some of the biologically important macromolecules are: –carbohydrates-lipids –proteins-nucleic acids

Carbohydrates carbohydrates are the most important energy source animals cannot synthesize carbohydrates; they must be consumed in plant material

Monosaccharides single sugars in straight chain or ring form C:H:O usually in 1:2:1 ratio (glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ) examples: fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

Monosaccharides some monosaccharides are isomers, e.g., glucose, fructose, and galactose

Glucose Isomers

Disaccharides made from 2 single sugars examples: sucrose, maltose, lactose

Dehydration Synthesis disaccharides are formed by a dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction See animation: D3fMaU D3fMaU

Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis Reaction

Find the sugars…

“Healthy” Clif bars continued…

Polysaccharides oligosaccharides are shorter-chain sugars with 3-10 single sugars longer chain carbohydrates are called polysaccharides examples: starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin

Polysaccharides

Low-Carb Diets

Names of popular low-carb-diets? What kinds of foods are you allowed/not allowed to eat? What are the benefits of the diet? What are possible risks of the diet?