MAGIC M ONITORING SYSTEMS TO A SSESS G EOTECHNICAL I NFRASTRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO C LIMATIC HAZARDS European Commission - FP7 Marie Curie Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways (IAPP) MID-TERM REVIEW MEETING

Fellow background MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014 Status: ESR / ER/ MER Home institution: Strathclyde University Host institution: GImpuls Prague Secondment period: / Philippe Sentenac Senior Lecturer at Strathclyde University Background PVT apparatus and Thermodynamics Petroleum Engineering (TOTAL) FP5 NECER (Network of European Centrifuges for Environmental Research) Tracking of contaminant transport phenomena in partially saturated soils), remote sensing Research topics in the areas of flood defence management and maintenance and energy infrastructure using Geophysics (Electrical Resistivity Tomography ERT and Electromagnetics CMD2 for ground investigation.

Work package addressed MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014 Tensiocone, WP2 UMS (SME) Tecno-Penta (TP-SME) Pessl Instrument (PESSL-SME) G Impuls (GI-SME) University of Strathclyde (USTRAT Université de Pau (UPPA)Delft University of Technology (DUT) High-Capacity Tensiometer, WP1 Data Control Software, WP4 Geophysical imaging of water content, WP3

Task(s) addressed Activities undertaken –Task T.3.3.Comparison of different geophysical methods for water imaging and fissuring in soil. –Geophysical assessment of 2 flood embankments in South Bohemia (Velky Roch and Kardash) using: ERT GEM2 Electromagnetics Associated DELIVERABLE(S) – Laboratory calibration using intact sample – Laboratory calibration using aggregated samples – Comparative evaluation of ERT, GPR, EM profiling – Measurement protocols for ERT, GPR, EM profiling MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014

Task(s) addressed Complementarity of the different geophysical techniques in site investigations (GEM2 and ERT) Highlighted the potential of the ERT technique in monitoring the water content when used in ‘differential’ mode, i.e. by referring the current tomography image to an image recorded in the past. –Miniature geo-electrical three dimensional resistivity arrays for high resolution spatial imaging/monitoring of water content distribution and Fissuring

Method Methods used for the two sites and two flood embankments  Dipole electromagnetic profile (DEMP) using apparatus GEM2 Advantages of a broadband, multi-frequency (9kHz – 47kHz) : Depth of exploration, is inversely proportional to frequency  4 depths sounding  Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)– Electrical Resistivity Meter ARES  Tomographic scans based on ground resistivity colour contours  Introduction to other techniques at GImpuls  Self potential (SP)  Micro-Gravimetry (MG)  Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014

Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Electromagnetics GEM2 – CMD2

DEMP profiling Velky Hroch Length of embankment assessed using Risk factor RF Unstable anomaly confirmed by repeated measurements 3 Percolation profiles through embankment

Results (1) Results (1) Dipole Electromagnetic Profiling – DEMP GEM-2 sensor. Velky Hroch Hz

Results (2) Results (2) Electrical Resistivity Tomography comparison – ERT Velky Roch

Results (3) Results (3) Electrical Resistivity Tomography comparison – ERT Kardash

Difficulties encountered in the research undertaken Matching equations (between laboratory/field measurements (Archie’s law) Sampling consistency for laboratory measurements Equipment shipping, signal disturbances and air influence. Implied selective mode for scanning (direction and orientation of dipoles) MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014

Actions taken Cross comparison between similar equipment (GEM2 / CMD2) for electromagnetics. Complementary measurements using different techniques (GEM2- ERT – SP) at the same locations where anomalies were detected Archie’s Law will be used to calculate the conductivity of a sample from the saturation, porosity and conductivity of water Calibration using field sample Shipment of equipment or sharing. MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014

General difficulties MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014 Actions to cope with difficulties associated with administrative, financial, practical aspects in the secondment Match with home University but slow process to get salary adjusted (University) Difficulties associated with administrative, financial, practical aspects in the secondment Match between EU salaries and academic institutions Too low living / mobility allowance

Outlook of future career MAGIC - Monitoring systems to Assess Geotechnical Infrastructure subjected to Climatic hazards Mid-Term Review Meeting - Brussels, 17 November 2014 Outline benefits received or expected to receive from MAGIC project Networking with experts in Geotechnics and Geophysics. Training and gaining expertise in using other Geophysical techniques and softwares. Benefit of ‘technical’ training 3 new techniques discovered (GEM2, SP, Seismics) Improvement of data analysis in ERT and Electromagnetic techniques. Real consultancy situation constraints (field and equipment limitations, reporting for a client, aims for consistency, concision and clarity} General benefit from the interaction with industry or academia Joined scientific publications Discovering the practical needs of industry and what benefits can be brought by academia Possibility to create more innovation vouchers and Knowledge Exchange Partnership for railways embankments and renewable energy developments

Thank you for your attention

Task(s) addressed optional slide Validation of geophysical methods for water content imaging/monitoring Complementarity of the different geophysical techniques in the site investigation Highlighted the potential of the ERT technique in monitoring the water content when used in ‘differential’ mode, i.e. by referring the current tomography image to an image recorded in the past. – Miniature geo-electrical three dimensional resistivity arrays for high resolution spatial imaging/monitoring of water content distribution and Fissuring based on ’electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) Associated DELIVERABLE(S) – Laboratory calibration using intact sample – Laboratory calibration using aggregated samples – Comparative evaluation of ERT, GPR, EM profiling – Measurement protocols for ERT, GPR, EM profiling