Training on Roads for Water and Resilience

SOCIAL IMPACT OF ROADS FOR WATER HARVESTING: EXPERIENCES FROM TIGRAY

Methodology Participatory Rural Appraisal Transect walk in Megab The PRA included: participatory mapping transect walk, wealth ranking matrix, gender matrix, seasonal calendars and Interviews with leaders and officials at the wereda, tabia and regional level.

Methodology Participatory Rural Appraisal Participants of the PRA included: both men and women, representatives of different wealth groups members of households that practice irrigated agriculture and other who only practiced rainfed agriculture individuals particularly affected by the road

Methodology Household surveys Household survey was conducted in two locations within the project area 1.Sinqata: 65 hhs 2. Gra Ares: 65 hhs

Coping strategy matrix Rich (33%)Medium (41%)Poor (26%) o Can hire daily labour to work on water conservation works (e.g. digging trenches) o Can use standard fertiliser and plough four times o Can build stronger protection at their houses o Can react quickly 9e.g. rebuild a house within a short period of time o Can rent somewhere else if their house is damaged o Can employ Labour and work themselves o Plough 3 times o Use non-standard fertiliser o Have to do the work themselves (which has an opportunity cost) o Only plough 2 times o Can use only little fertilizer o Cannot remedy a problem quickly o Cannot protect themselves so well from flooding, o Cannot rebuild their house because they have no savings

Run off impacts During the last big rain (year) which of your assets have been affected by Female Male Count % P%P% Flood Logging (rainfed land) No0000 Yes Siltation (rainfed land) No0000 Yes Erosion (rainfed land) No0000 Yes Flood Logging (grazing land) No0000 Yes Silted (grazing land) No0000 Yes Erosion No0000 Yes House Flood Logging No0000 Yes

Gender analysis of road construction impact 2013 Female-headed households Male-headed households Mean Plot size lost (no cultivation) Yield loss in kg/ha Yield loss in ETB/ha

Figure 1: Crop Yield Assessment from 2008 to 2014, tabia Sinqata, Tigary

Figure 2: Crop Yield Assessment from 2008 to 2014, tabia Gra Ares, Tigary

Season Yield variability

Yield impacts of road form water in Sinqata

Yield impacts of road form water in Gra Ares Note that 2014 was a year with very low rainfall

Severity of the problem 1= High, 2=Medium 3= Low Crop production constraints

Conclusions and way forward (1) Water from roads have mixed impacts on agricultural development, both positive and negative There is a possibility of maximizing the benefits of water from road with locally adaptive cost effective water management practices To promote such technologies adopting and scaling out plausible approach is paramount important Call for site-specific participatory study and design using a multidisciplinary approach by teams of specially trained and oriented natural and social scientists in combination with local farmers, resource users and organizations.

Include roads in water harvesting and soil and water conservation schemes Indigenous technical knowledge needs to be taken seriously Platform is very important for joint planning, implementation and up scaling Stakeholder analysis and social engagement mechanisms should be designed inclusively Inclusive and dynamic framework for road planners and designers is required Conclusions and way forward (2)

Supported by: Developed by: